A Comparison of Costs Between Medical and Surgical Patients in an Academic Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.

Objective: To estimate the impact of patient type on costs incurred during a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) hospitalization.

Patients And Methods: Retrospective cohort study at an academic PICU located in the United States that examined 850 patients admitted to the PICU from January 1 to December 31, 2009. Forty-eight patients were excluded due to lack of financial data. Primary service was defined by the attending physician of record. Outcome measures were total and daily pediatric intensive care costs (2009 US dollars).

Results: Of 802 patients in the sample, there were 361 medical and 441 surgical patients. Comparing medical to surgical patients, severity of illness as defined by Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM) III scores was 4.53 vs 2.08 (P < 0.001), length of stay was 7.37 vs 5.00 days (P < 0.001), total pediatric intensive care hospital costs were $34,786 vs $30,598 (P < 0.001), and mean daily pediatric intensive care hospital costs were $3985 vs $6616 (P < 0.001).

Conclusions: Medical patients had higher severity of illness and length of stay resulting in higher total pediatric intensive care costs when compared to surgical patients. Interestingly, when accounting the length of stay, surgical patients had higher daily pediatric intensive care costs despite lower severity of illness.