The concept of the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) alters our understanding of what constitutes "health" or "disease" intended as chronic, non-communicable diseases, which develop over the life course in high income and emerging countries. It implies a change in paradigm forming a basis for prevention policies across the globe. It also impacts psychological, social, economic, ethical and legal sciences. In line with the unanticipated underpinning epigenetic mechanisms are also the social issues (including public policies) that could be produced by the knowledge related to DOHaD that opens a wide field of inquiry. The information unveiled by epigenetics coupled with information on lifestyle including during the development phase, is of unforeseen nature, raising issues of different nature. Therefore it requires specific attention and research, and a specific support by a pluridisciplinary reflection since the very beginning of its production, to anticipate the questions that might be raised in the future.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/20163201016 | DOI Listing |
Int J Mol Sci
January 2025
Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Otawara 324-8501, Japan.
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a risk factor for postnatal cardiovascular, metabolic, and psychiatric disorders. In most IUGR models, placental dysfunction that causes reduced 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (11βHSD2) activity, which degrades glucocorticoids (GCs) in the placenta, resulting in fetal GC overexposure. This overexposure to GCs continues to affect not only intrauterine fetal development itself, but also the metabolic status and neural activity in adulthood through epigenetic changes such as microRNA change, histone modification, and DNA methylation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
December 2024
Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.
The complex relationship between kidney disease and hypertension represents a critical area of research, yet less attention has been devoted to exploring how this connection develops early in life. Various environmental factors during pregnancy and lactation can significantly impact kidney development, potentially leading to kidney programming that results in alterations in both structure and function. This early programming can contribute to adverse long-term kidney outcomes, such as hypertension.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Hum Biol
January 2025
Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
Objectives: The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) framework contends that chronic diseases are attributable to behavioral and environmental risks encountered during vital periods of fetal and childhood development. Clinical research investigating irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) largely focuses on adult risk factors, with emerging evidence of epigenetic contributions. Limited work considers potential childhood exposures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
December 2024
Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brazil.
Physiol Rep
December 2024
Departmet of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a risk factor for obesity in adult life. Importantly, growth-restricted females are more prone to obesity than males. The mechanisms involved in this sexually dimorphic programming are not known.
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