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Glutamine modulates neutrophil recruitment and effector functions during sterile inflammation.
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Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
During sterile inflammation, tissue damage induces excessive activation and infiltration of neutrophils into tissues, where they critically contribute to organ dysfunction. Tight regulation of neutrophil migration and their effector functions is crucial to prevent overshooting immune responses. Neutrophils utilize more glutamine, the most abundant free α-amino acid in the human blood, than other leukocytes.
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Department for Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany.
Background: Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Mortality of patients with sepsis is high and largely unchanged throughout the past decades. Animal models have been widely used for the study of sepsis and septic shock, but translation into effective treatment regimes in the clinic have mostly failed.
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Cells
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Systemic inflammation can be triggered by infection, surgery, trauma or burns. During systemic inflammation, an overshooting immune response induces tissue damage resulting in organ dysfunction and mortality. Endothelial cells make up the inner lining of all blood vessels and are critically involved in maintaining organ integrity by regulating tissue perfusion.
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Throughout human evolutionary history, large-scale migrations have led to intermixing (i.e., admixture) between previously separated human groups.
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Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
The transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channel superfamily comprises more than 50 channels that play crucial roles in physiological processes. TRP channels are responsive to several exogenous and endogenous biomolecules, with aldehydes emerging as a TRP channel trigger contributing to a cellular cascade that can lead to disease pathophysiology. The body is not only exposed to exogenous aldehydes via tobacco products or alcoholic beverages, but also to endogenous aldehydes triggered by lipid peroxidation.
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