Serum from lipopolysaccharide-treated mice (postendotoxin serum, PES) induces the differentiation of M1 myeloid leukemia cells into mature macrophages, as well as supporting the proliferation of the interleukin 6 (IL6)-dependent B9 hybridoma cells. The kinetics of appearance of these two activities in PES were identical. To determine whether these two activities are due to the presence of the same substance, we tested whether anti-IL6 antibodies could neutralize the differentiation-inducing activity of PES. We found that anti-IL6 antibodies completely neutralized the proliferation of B9 cells and resulted in a 60% neutralization of the differentiation-inducing activity of PES. Anti-interferon alpha/beta (INF alpha/beta) antibodies neutralized 70% of the differentiation-inducing activity of PES. These data suggest that the differentiation-inducing activity of PES is not limited to IL6, and that PES contains additional factors such as INF alpha/beta that are capable of inducing differentiation of M1 cells.
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