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Concentrations of several polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were measured in precipitation (n = 33) at a suburban site in Izmir, Turkey. Total (dissolved + particle) volume weighted mean (VWM) concentrations for Σ16PAHs, Σ18PCBs, Σ17OCPs, and Σ7PBDEs were 785, 19.2, 50.5, and 29.6 ng l(-1), respectively. Low molecular weight (LMW) compounds (acenaphthylene, fluorene, phenanthrene) and congeners (PCB-18, 28, and 31) dominated the PAH and PCB concentrations, respectively. For PBDEs, BDE-209, and for OCPs, chlorpyrifos, a currently used pesticide, were the predominant compounds. Annual Σ7PBDEs flux was 18.74 μg m(-2) year(-1). PBDE fluxes were mainly in dissolved phase for all congeners except BDE-209 which had comparable proportions in both phases. Annual flux for Σ16PAHs was 497.4 μg m(-2) year(-1); higher molecular weight (MW) PAH fluxes had comparable amounts in both phases while lower MW ones were mostly in dissolved phase. Wet deposition fluxes for Σ18PCBs and Σ17OCPs were 9.40 and 31.94 μg m(-2) year(-1), respectively, and they were predominantly in dissolved phase. Wet deposition fluxes were compared to previously measured annual dry deposition fluxes at the study site to determine their relative contributions to annual total (dry particle + wet) deposition. Dry deposition was the major removal mechanism for most of the PAHs and PCBs contributing >80 % to total (wet + dry) deposition. However, both processes were comparable for PBDEs. Wet deposition was the predominant process for some OCPs such as α-chlordane, γ-chlordane, and trans-nonachlor while both processes were comparable for chlorpyrifos and heptachlor epoxide.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6183-6 | DOI Listing |
Small Methods
December 2024
Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University Hospital of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, D-97070, Würzburg, Germany.
A key goal of biofabrication is the production of 3D tissue models with biomimetic properties. In natural tissues, fibrils-mainly composed of collagen-play a critical role in stabilizing and spatially organizing the extracellular matrix. To use biomimetic fibers for reinforcing bioinks in 3D printing, fiber fragmentation is necessary to prevent nozzle clogging.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMaterials (Basel)
November 2024
Department of Structures, Faculty of Civil Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic.
In corrosion science, accurate determination of chloride ion deposition rates is critical to mitigating the environmental impact on structures. Traditional methods, such as the wet candle and dry plate methods (ISO 9225), are often inaccurate in capturing localized conditions and are also time-consuming and costly. The Bresle method, which measures soluble salts directly on metal surfaces, offers a more targeted approach.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Int
December 2024
MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
Offshore sediment serves as an important sink for traditional organophosphate esters (TOPEs) originating from terrestrial sources. However, the contamination characteristics of novel OPEs (NOPEs) and their hydrolyzed and hydroxylated transformation products (Di- and OH-OPEs) in marine sediment are still unknown. In this study, 34 OPE-associated contaminants were measured in six offshore sediment cores (71 samples) collected from Eastern China.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Mater Interfaces
December 2024
TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Street 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
Ternary hybrid thin films composed of a diblock copolymer templating two types of nanoparticles (NPs) expand the functionality of binary systems, which renders them interesting for magnetic sensing or magnetic data storage applications. Herein, one-pot slot-die printed hybrid polystyrene--poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS--PMMA) thin films are prepared with iron oxide (magnetite, FeO, = 20 nm) and nickel NPs (Ni, = 46 nm) in one step by the advanced slot-die coating technique, which facilitates upscaling of fabrication. The evolution of the hybrid film morphology is probed with in situ grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering and compared to that of a PS--PMMA thin film without NPs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArch Environ Contam Toxicol
December 2024
University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
This study investigated the accumulation (deposition) of 13 potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in moss tissue (dominated by Hypnum cupressiforme at 64% and Pseudoscleropodium purum at 13.4%) collected from 33 rural sites of Tuscany (Central Italy). In addition, the magnetic susceptibility of moss was measured to provide insight into the accumulation of anthropogenic particles.
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