This article discusses pathologies found in monozygotic twinning. Detailed information is provided regarding the development during monozygotic twin formation: embryo development, twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, acardiac twinning, vanishing twins, conjoined twins, and Beckwith-Weidmann syndrome twins. An algorithm describing the approach for identifying pathology in a placenta with multiple pregnancies is presented.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.path.2012.11.006 | DOI Listing |
Dev Biol
January 2025
Institute of Life Sciences and Health (ILSH), School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK. Electronic address:
Conjoined twinning is a special case of monozygotic, monoamniotic twinning. Human conjoined twinning, and vertebrate conjoined twinning in general, is a very rare phenomenon. It has been suggested that the risk of conjoined twinning increases with some medication and upon assisted reproduction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTwin Res Hum Genet
August 2024
Department of Psychology, California State University, Fullerton, California, USA.
A tribute to the life and career of Dr Milton Diamond, a leading figure in twin studies of transsexuality and gender identity, is presented. Dr Diamond is famous for revealing the truth about the unsuccessful effort to change a monozygotic male Canadian twin into a female, following accidental ablation of his penis during circumcision. A short summary of recent twin research on human sexuality and transsexuality, focused on Dr Diamond's contributions, is then presented.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTwin Res Hum Genet
December 2024
Department of Psychology, California State University, Fullerton, California, USA.
Dr H. Keith Sigmundson co-authored a seminal article (with the late Dr Milton Diamond) that revealed the truth about a highly controversial twin case. Specifically, the genitals of an infant male monozygotic twin were accidentally destroyed during a medical procedure performed to alleviate his difficult urination.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Med Genet A
December 2024
Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins are studied to understand genetic and environmental influences on complex traits, however the mechanisms behind twinning are not completely understood. (Epi)genomic studies identified SNPs associated with DZ twinning and DNA methylation sites with MZ twinning. To find molecular biomarkers of twinning, we compared transcriptomics and metabolomics data from MZ and DZ twins.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant Reprod
November 2024
Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Induction of parthenogenesis (embryo formation from unfertilized egg cells) by embryogenic transcription factors is associated with twin formation at high frequencies, and involves two distinct mechanisms. Synthetic apomixis has been achieved through the induction of parthenogenesis by ectopic expression of the Baby Boom family of transcription factors. An associated phenomenon from this process is the formation of polyembryony including twin progeny at high frequencies, but the underlying mechanisms have not been explored.
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