Reduction of the plastidial phosphorylase in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) reveals impact on storage starch structure during growth at low temperature. | LitMetric
Biopolymer Analytics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warsaw, Poland. Electronic address:
Published: March 2016
AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
Tubers of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), one of the most important crops, are a prominent example for an efficient production of storage starch. Nevertheless, the synthesis of this storage starch is not completely understood. The plastidial phosphorylase (Pho1; EC 2.4.1.1) catalyzes the reversible transfer of glucosyl residues from glucose-1-phosphate to the non-reducing end of α-glucans with the release of orthophosphate. Thus, the enzyme is in principle able to act during starch synthesis. However, so far under normal growth conditions no alterations in tuber starch metabolism were observed. Based on analyses of other species and also from in vitro experiments with potato tuber slices it was supposed, that Pho1 has a stronger impact on starch metabolism, when plants grow under low temperature conditions. Therefore, we analyzed the starch content, granule size, as well as the internal structure of starch granules isolated from potato plants grown under low temperatures. Besides wild type, transgenic potato plants with a strong reduction in the Pho1 activity were analyzed. No significant alterations in starch content and granule size were detected. In contrast, when plants were cultivated at low temperatures the chain length distributions of the starch granules were altered. Thus, the granules contained more short glucan chains. That was not observed in the transgenic plants, revealing that Pho1 in wild type is involved in the formation of the short glucan chains, at least at low temperatures.
The application of flour is determined by the composition of its starch and storage proteins. Previously isolated diploid wheat is known to be amylose-free and possesses the same amylopectin structure as the wild-type. To reveal its characteristics, starch, protein, lipid, fiber, gluten, and allergen contents and rheological properties were analyzed and compared to its parental wild-type diploid wheat and commercially available hexaploid wheats.
Agastache rugosa, a perennial herb native to temperate and subtropical regions, shows remarkable adaptive strategies when exposed to varying light and nutrient conditions in tropical environments. Our study reveals new insights into the crosstalk mechanisms involving carbohydrate homeostasis, biomass allocation, and nutrient acquisition in A. rugosa under different environmental conditions.
School of Food Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China. Electronic address:
The retrogradation property endows starch molecules with the unique ability to self-assemble crystals after encountering damage, which can restore the internal double helix structure to a limited extent. We devise a simple set of steps to grow perfect crystals of uniform size with different crystal systems in a given growth environment by first customizing the crystal seeds through enzymatic modification, and then exploiting the spontaneous recrystallization of starch. Optical microscopy confirmed the formation of gem-like starch granules (GSGs) in starches with 24.
The traditional post-harvest processing method of Angelica acutiloba roots, which involves hanging the roots outdoors after being harvested, is known to promote the conversion of starch in roots into sucrose, thereby increasing sweetness. At the same time, this method increases the dilute ethanol-soluble extract (DEE) content in A. acutiloba roots to meet the standard set by the Japanese Pharmacopoeia 18th edition.
College of Plant Protection, Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.
Lily bulb rot disease has harmed edible lily in recent years, resulting in yield losses in China. As a results, both morphological and molecular techniques must be used to confirm the etiology of storage bulb rot disease on lily bulbs. Lily bulbs with indications of rot symptoms during storage were gathered in Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.
