Psychrobacter glaciei sp. nov., isolated from the ice core of an Arctic glacier.

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, non-pigmented, oxidase- and catalase-positive bacterial strain, designated BIc20019T, was isolated from the ice core of Austre Lovénbreen in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard. The temperature and NaCl ranges for growth were 4-34 °C (optimum, 25-29 °C) and 0-8% (w/v) (optimum, 2-4%). Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain BIc20019T belonged to the genus Psychrobacter and was closely related to Psychrobacter arcticus 273-4T, Psychrobacter cryohalolentis K5T, 'Psychrobacter fjordensis' BSw21516B, Psychrobacter fozii LMG 21280T, Psychrobacter luti LMG 21276T and Pyschrobacter okhotskensis MD17T at greater than 99% similarity. Phylogenetic analysis based on gyrB gene sequences revealed highest similarity (93.6%) to P. okhotskensis MD17T. However, DNA hybridization experiments revealed a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (<59%) between strain BIc20019T and its closest relatives. Strain BIc20019T contained ubiquinone-8 (Q-8) as the predominant respiratory quinone, and C18:1ω9c and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or iso-C15:0 2-OH) as the major fatty acids. It had a DNA G+C content of 46.3 mol%. The polar lipid profile of strain BIc20019T was mainly composed of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and diphosphatidylglycerol. Owing to the differences in phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene and gyrB gene sequences, and DNA-DNA relatedness data, the isolate merits classification within a novel species for which the name Psychrobacter glaciei sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BIc20019T (=KCTC 42280T = CCTCC AB 2014019T).