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An overview on the development of wet-chemically synthesized semiconductor nanostructures as optical gain materials is presented in this Review, beginning with the first demonstration of amplified spontaneous emission in zero-dimensional quantum dots and evolving to more sophisticated heterostructures such as one-dimensional core-seeded nanorods, branched core-seeded tetrapods and two-dimensional nanoplatelets. The advantages and challenges of utilizing strongly quantum-confined colloidal semiconductor materials as gain media are discussed, and a concerted effort is made to elaborate on how the progression towards more structurally complex architectures has allowed for dramatic improvements in performance and stability over the archetypal quantum dot.
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