In vitro stereospecific hydration activities of the 3-vinyl group of chlorophyll derivatives by BchF and BchV enzymes involved in bacteriochlorophyll c biosynthesis of green sulfur bacteria.

The photosynthetic green sulfur bacterium Chlorobaculum (Cba.) tepidum produces bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) c pigments bearing a chiral 1-hydroxyethyl group at the 3-position, which self-aggregate to construct main light-harvesting antenna complexes, chlorosomes. The secondary alcoholic hydroxy group is requisite for chlorosomal aggregation and biosynthesized by hydrating the 3-vinyl group of their precursors. Using recombinant proteins of Cba. tepidum BchF and BchV, we examined in vitro enzymatic hydration of some 3-vinyl-chlorophyll derivatives. Both the enzymes catalyzed stereoselective hydration of zinc 3-vinyl-8-ethyl-12-methyl-bacteriopheophorbide c or d to the zinc 3 R-bacteriopheophorbide c or d homolog, respectively, with a slight amount of the 3 S-epimric species. A similar R-stereoselectivity was observed in the BchF-hydration of zinc 3-vinyl-8-ethyl- and propyl-12-ethyl-bacteriopheophorbides c, while their BchV-hydration gave a relatively larger amount of the 3 S-epimers. The in vitro stereoselective hydration confirmed the in vivo production of the S-epimeric species by BchV. The enzymatic hydration for the above 8-propylated substrate proceeded more slowly than that for the 8-ethylated, and the 8-isobutylated substrate was no longer hydrated. Based on these results, biosynthetic pathways of BChl c homologs and epimers are proposed.