The GnRH system of the chameleon brain was studied at light microscopic and ultrastructural levels by use of an immunohistochemical technique with antibodies directed against salmon gonadotrophin-releasing hormone. Immunoreactive (IR) perikarya were found in the anterior midbrain tegmentum. At this level numerous IR cell bodies were detected around the fasciculus longitudinalis medialis (FLM). The more rostral neurons were observed dorsal to the FLM and progressively tended to be lateral to it along the midline. More caudally, they were found ventral to the FLM. At the electron microscope level, these cells were seen to contain large granular vesicles and to receive numerous synaptic inputs. A prominent pathway was traced from these cell bodies along the medulla oblongata to the spinal cord. A second IR pathway ascended rostrally to the habenular complex. No IR perikarya were located in the anterior brain including the olfactory bulbs.
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