Objective: Behavioral inhibition (BI) during early childhood predicts risk for anxiety disorders and altered cognitive control in adolescence. Although BI has been linked to variation in brain function through adulthood, few studies have examined relations between early childhood BI and adult brain structure.
Method: The relation between early childhood BI and cortical thickness in adulthood was examined in a cohort of individuals followed since early childhood (N = 53, mean age 20.5 years). Analyses tested whether anxiety and/or cognitive control during adolescence moderated relations between BI and cortical thickness. Cognitive control was measured with the Eriksen Flanker Task. Initial analyses examined cortical thickness in regions of interest previously implicated in BI, anxiety disorders, and cognitive control: dorsal anterior cingulate (dACC), anterior insula (aI), and subgenual anterior cingulate (sgACC); and volumes of the amygdala and hippocampus. Exploratory analyses examined relations across the prefrontal cortex.
Results: BI during early childhood related to thinner dACC in adulthood. Neither anxiety nor cognitive control moderated this relation. A stronger congruency effect on the Eriksen Flanker Task during adolescence independently related to thinner dACC in adulthood. Higher anxiety during adolescence related to thicker cortex in the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) in adulthood among those with low BI as children.
Conclusion: Temperament in early childhood and the interaction between temperament and later anxiety relate to adult brain structure. These results are consistent with prior work associating BI and anxiety with functional brain variability in the dACC and VLPFC.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4724382 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2015.11.007 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Valine Restriction Extends Survival in a Drosophila Model of Short-Chain Enoyl-CoA Hydratase 1 (ECHS1) Deficiency.
J Inherit Metab Dis
January 2025
Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry and La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.
Short-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase 1 deficiency (ECHS1D) is a rare genetic disorder caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the ECHS1 gene. ECHS1D is characterised by severe neurological and physical impairment that often leads to childhood mortality. Therapies such as protein and single nutrient-restricted diets show poor efficacy, whereas the development of new treatments is hindered by the low prevalence of the disorder and a lack of model systems for treatment testing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOsteocalcin in Infancy and Early Childhood and Its Correlation With Later Growth and Body Composition: A Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study.
Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)
December 2024
Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Background: Osteocalcin is a metabolic active hormone, which correlates positively with bone formation and inversely with body mass index and waist circumference in adults.
Objectives: To investigate whether osteocalcin in infancy and early childhood were related to childhood growth or body composition.
Methods: A Swedish longitudinal birth cohort with blood samples from 551 children from birth until 5 years of age.
Effects of early-life environmental stress on risk-taking tendency of adolescents in rural areas of southwestern China.
Front Psychiatry
December 2024
Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Introduction: Adolescence is a critical developmental phase characterized by increased risk-taking behaviors, which are not inherently maladaptive. According to life history theory, individuals raised in harsh and unpredictable environments are more likely to adopt faster life history strategies, favoring immediate rewards over long-term benefits. Yet, limited empirical research explore the psychological mechanism about how early-life environmental stresses influence adolescents' risk-taking.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnderstanding early maladaptive schemas in autistic and ADHD individuals: exploring the impact, changing the narrative, and schema therapy considerations.
Front Psychol
December 2024
Enable Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
Autistic/ADHD individuals are increasingly recognised as a valid minority group, with consistent research demonstrating a higher prevalence of co-occurring mental health conditions such as PTSD, anxiety, depression, substance use, and eating disorders among other mental health challenges. Due to this, there is increasing focus on the adaptations required for Autistic and ADHD individuals of current therapeutic approaches such as Schema Therapy. Particular emphasis when creating these adaptations needs to include looking at the developmental experiences, social influences, and continued adversity faced by Autistic and ADHD individuals across the lifespan, and how the narrative around Autism and ADHD within psychotherapy in general needs to change.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFParent-child relationship quality buffers the association between mothers' adverse childhood experiences and physiological synchrony.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry
December 2024
Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Background: Family environment plays a critical role in shaping stress response systems. Concordance between mothers' and children's physiological states, specifically their Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA), reflects dyadic co-regulation. Negative or weakened RSA synchrony during interactions is linked to various psychosocial risks, but existing research has focused on risks in the mother or child as opposed to the dyad.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!