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Recycled melanoma-secreted melanosomes regulate tumor-associated macrophage diversification.

EMBO J

September 2024

Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.

Article Synopsis
  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly melanosomes secreted by melanocytes, are revealed as key players in intercellular communication, allowing intact transfer of melanin between cells.
  • These melanosomes gain distinct protein signatures within receiving cells and can be further passed to other cells, like macrophages, influencing their polarization towards either pro-tumor or immune cell types.
  • In melanoma, the presence of specific melanosome markers in macrophages correlates with disease aggressiveness and highlights the potential of targeting melanosome interactions to hinder melanoma progression.
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Purpose: To undertake the first ultrastructural characterization of human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) differentiation from fetal development to adolescence.

Methods: Ten fetal eyes and three eyes aged six, nine, and 17 years were examined in the temporal retina adjacent to the optic nerve head by transmission electron microscopy. The area, number, and distribution of RPE organelles were quantified and interpreted within the context of adjacent photoreceptors, Bruch's membrane, and choriocapillaris maturation.

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Autophagy is a vital process for cell survival and it preserves homeostasis by recycling or disassembling unnecessary or dysfunctional cellular constituents. Autophagy ameliorates skin integrity, regulating epidermal differentiation and constitutive pigmentation. It induces melanogenesis and contributes to skin color through melanosome turnover.

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KIF13A-A Key Regulator of Recycling Endosome Dynamics.

Front Cell Dev Biol

April 2022

Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.

Molecular motors of the kinesin superfamily (KIF) are a class of ATP-dependent motor proteins that transport cargo, including vesicles, along the tracks of the microtubule network. Around 45 KIF proteins have been described and are grouped into 14 subfamilies based on the sequence homology and domain organization. These motors facilitate a plethora of cellular functions such as vesicle transport, cell division and reorganization of the microtubule cytoskeleton.

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Recycling endosomes (REs) are tubular-vesicular organelles generated from early/sorting endosomes in all cell types. These organelles play a key role in the biogenesis of melanosomes, a lysosome-related organelle produced by melanocytes. REs deliver the melanocyte-specific cargo to premature melanosomes during their formation.

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