We exhibit theoretically a series of 12-valence-electron pentaatomic species CLi3E (E = N, P, As, Sb, Bi) and CLi3E(+) (E = O, S, Se, Te, Po). The analyses of potential energy surfaces indicate that the C2v structures with a planar tetracoordinate carbon are the global minimum in these species except for E = N, P. A localized C[double bond, length as m-dash]E double bond is found in the planar tetracoordinate carbon species. The molecular orbitals and the valence populations reveal that the C[double bond, length as m-dash]E double bonds in CLi3E are different from those in CLi3E(+). The thermodynamic and kinetic calculations show that some of the planar tetracoordinate carbon species are stable and are likely to exist in the gas phase.
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