AI Article Synopsis
- SNAP (Suspected non-Alzheimer disease pathophysiology) refers to a condition where individuals have normal amyloid-β levels in the brain but show signs of neurodegeneration, impacting clinical and cognitive outcomes.
- It affects about 23% of healthy individuals over 65 and around 25% of those with mild cognitive impairment, regardless of their clinical status.
- The presence of SNAP is associated with a lower representation of the APOE*ε4 gene and poses challenges in understanding its implications compared to those with amyloid-positive neurodegeneration.
Article Abstract
Suspected non-Alzheimer disease pathophysiology (SNAP) is a biomarker-based concept that applies to individuals with normal levels of amyloid-β biomarkers in the brain, but in whom biomarkers of neurodegeneration are abnormal. The term SNAP has been applied to clinically normal individuals (who do not meet criteria for either mild cognitive impairment or dementia) and to individuals with mild cognitive impairment, but is applicable to any amyloid-negative, neurodegeneration-positive individual regardless of clinical status, except when the pathology underlying neurodegeneration can be reliably inferred from the clinical presentation. SNAP is present in ∼23% of clinically normal individuals aged >65 years and in ∼25% of mildly cognitively impaired individuals. APOE*ε4 is underrepresented in individuals with SNAP compared with amyloid-positive individuals. Clinically normal and mildly impaired individuals with SNAP have worse clinical and/or cognitive outcomes than individuals with normal levels of neurodegeneration and amyloid-β biomarkers. In this Perspectives article, we describe the available data on SNAP and address topical controversies in the field.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4784257 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2015.251 | DOI Listing |
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