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Associated cercopithecoid postcrania are rare in the Plio-Pleistocene fossil record, particularly in the case of South African karst cave sites. However, as clear postcranial differences between major papionin clades have been documented, it should be possible to assign isolated papionin postcrania to the Cercocebus/Mandrillus and Papio/Lophocebus/Theropithecus groups wherever sufficient anatomy is preserved. Here, we demonstrate that two partial humeri preserved at Taung, UCMP 56693 and UCMP 125898, are most likely attributable to the Cercocebus/Mandrillus and Papio/Lophocebus/Theropithecus clades, respectively. Univariate analyses (ANOVAs and t-tests) and multivariate analyses (discriminant function analyses) of humeral features, combined with a phylogenetic analysis of 24 humeral characters, all support our assessment. Given that the overwhelming number of craniodental specimens at Taung are attributable to two papionin taxa, Procercocebus antiquus (a member of the Cercocebus/Mandrillus clade) and Papio izodi (a purported fossil species of the modern genus Papio), we assign UCMP 56693 to Pr. antiquus and UCMP 125868 to P. izodi with a high degree of confidence. Implications for cercopithecoid evolution and biogeography are discussed, with a particular emphasis on these two fossil taxa.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.08.006 | DOI Listing |
J Hum Evol
May 2024
Department of Anatomy, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106-4930, USA; Laboratory of Physical Anthropology, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
The Mount Galili Formation in the Afar region, Ethiopia, samples a critical time in hominin evolution, 4.4 to 3.8 Ma, documenting the last appearance of Ardipithecus and the origin of Australopithecus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Hum Evol
April 2023
Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
African papionins are classic paleoecological referents for fossil hominins. Enamel chips on the teeth of baboons and hominins are argued to represent responses to similar dietary habits; however, a comprehensive analysis of modern papionin chipping is lacking, leaving open the question of analog suitability. Here, we investigate patterns of antemortem enamel chipping across a diverse set of African papionin species occupying a range of ecological niches.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Biol Anthropol
January 2023
Human Evolution Research Center, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess a new assemblage of papionin fossils (n = 143) recovered from later Pleistocene sediments in the Middle Awash study area in the Afar Rift of Ethiopia.
Materials And Methods: We collected metric and qualitative data to compare the craniodental and postcranial anatomy of the papionin fossils with subspecies of modern Papio hamadryas and with Plio-Pleistocene African papionins. We also estimated sex and ontogenetic age.
Anat Rec (Hoboken)
December 2022
Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan.
Mandibular morphology is determined not only by dietary habits, but also by sexual selection and allometry in primates. It is well-known that African papionins show intra- and interspecific variations through varied extensions of a common ontogenetic allometric trajectory in the face. Here, we used geometric morphometrics to compare the ontogenetic trajectories of large-bodied Japanese macaques and small-bodied long-tailed macaques in the sister clade of African papionins.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Hum Evol
October 2020
Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, MRC 121, Washington, DC, 20013, USA.
Abundance distributions of large mammals are underused in exploring how ecological pressures vary across contemporaneous sites in the fossil record. To investigate variation in relative abundance across contemporaneous Pliocene mammal communities, we examine the time interval between ∼3.6 and 3.
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