Use of sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) dominates the long-term treatment of hyperkalemia, but two new agents, sodium zirconium cyclosilicate and the recently FDA-approved patiromer, may offer potential advantages compared with SPS.
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Med J Armed Forces India
August 2024
Head of Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Prof. Dr. Moestopo No.47, Pacar Kembang, Kec. Tambaksari, Surabaya, Jawa Timur, Indonesia.
Hyperkalemia, characterized by elevated serum potassium levels, poses significant health risks, including life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. The management of hyperkalemia has evolved, incorporating calcium polystyrene sulfonate (CPS) and newer agents such as sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC) and patiromer alongside traditional treatments. This review provides a comprehensive examination of current management strategies for hyperkalemia, focusing on the comparative effectiveness, safety profiles, and patient preferences concerning CPS, SZC, and patiromer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Kidney J
January 2025
Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is a nuclear transcription factor that plays a critical role in regulating fluid, electrolytes, blood pressure, and hemodynamic stability. In conditions such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) and heart failure (HF), MR overactivation leads to increased salt and water retention, inflammatory and fibrotic gene expression, and organ injury. The MR is essential for transcriptional regulation and is implicated in metabolic, proinflammatory, and pro-fibrotic pathways.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDrugs Aging
January 2025
Department of Geriatric Medicine, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.
Purpose: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi) are widely used in treatment of cardiovascular and renal disease. While effective, they pose a risk of hyperkalemia. In the general population, risk factors for hyperkalemia include chronic kidney disease, congestive heart failure, and use of medication affecting potassium balance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Biol Chem
December 2024
Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address:
Soft Matter
December 2024
Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04062-000, Brazil.
Peptide-polymer systems hold strong potential for applications in nanotherapeutics. Desmopressin, a synthetic analogue of the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin, may serve as a valuable case of study in this context since it is a first-line treatment for disorders affecting water homeostasis, including diabetes insipidus. It also has an established use as a hemostatic agent in von Willebrand disease, and recently, its repurposing has been suggested as a neoadjuvant in the treatment of certain types of cancer.
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