Background: The objective of this work was to evaluate the time course of clinical and health-related quality of life outcomes of long-stay ICU survivors' and caregivers' burden.
Methods: The study included 23 subjects of mixed diagnosis (66 ± 11 y, body mass index 26.5 ± 5.6 kg/m(2)) with a recent episode of acute respiratory failure needing in-hospital rehabilitation. Subjects and caregivers were evaluated at hospital discharge (T0, n = 23) and 6 months later (T6, n = 16). At T0 and T6, subjects' clinical status (Dependence Nursing Scale), FVC (percent-of-predicted FVC and percent-of-predicted FEV), maximum inspiratory/expiratory pressures, effort tolerance (sit-to-stand, Takahashi test, 6-min walking distance), and disability (Barthel index) were evaluated. EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D), McGill Quality of Life, General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A/HADS-D) were assessed. Caregivers' burden was measured by the Family Strain Questionnaire short form and Caregiver Needs Assessment. Correlation between subjects' clinical status and caregiver assessments was performed at T0.
Results: At T0, subjects showed compromised EQ-5Dindex (0.42 ± 0.28); 69% of caregivers had high Family Strain Questionnaire and moderate Caregiver Needs Assessment scores (30 ± 13). EQ-5Dindex was significantly related to Dependence Nursing Scale score (P < .001), percent-of-predicted FVC (P < .02), effort tolerance (all P < .01), disability (P < .001), and caregiver Family Strain Questionnaire score (P < .02). At T6, subjects significantly improved percent-of-predicted FVC (P < .05), maximum expiratory pressure (P < .01), effort tolerance (all P < .05), disability (P < .02), and EQ-5Dindex (P < .05), whereas caregivers' burden scores were unchanged. However, the percentage of caregivers with strain increased.
Conclusions: In prolonged-ICU-stay survivors, EQ-5Dindex at hospital discharge is related to clinical status and caregivers' strain. Subjects' clinical status and EQ-5Dindex improves over time, but caregivers' burden remains high, suggesting the need to monitor/support caregivers.
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