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Identification of confounders and estimating the causal effect of place of birth on age-specific childhood vaccination.
BMC Med Inform Decis Mak
December 2024
School of Mathematics, Statistics & Computer Science, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa.
Background: In causal analyses, some third factor may distort the relationship between the exposure and the outcome variables under study, which gives spurious results. In this case, treatment groups and control groups that receive and do not receive the exposure are different from one another in some other essential variables, called confounders.
Method: Place of birth was used as exposure variable and age-specific childhood vaccination status was used as outcome variables.
Identifying the main drivers of transmission in the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal.
Sci Rep
December 2024
Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics, Data Science Institute, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.
In this study, we employed a modeling approach to describe how changes in age-specific epidemiological characteristics, such as behaviour, i.e. contact patterns, susceptibility and infectivity, influence the basic reproduction number , while accounting for heterogeneity in transmission.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdvancing hepatitis B elimination: A systematic review of global immunization progress and future directions.
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis
December 2024
Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has set a target of eliminating viral hepatitis B and C by 2030. Vaccination against hepatitis B (HepB) remains the most effective strategy for controlling and eliminating Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection. The development of HepB vaccines started with plasma-derived vaccines, which have since been largely replaced by safer and more effective recombinant vaccines, now considered the gold standard for preventing HBV infections.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGestational exposure to carbon black nanoparticles triggered fetal growth restriction in mice: The mediation of inactivating autophagy-lysosomal degradation system in placental ferroptosis.
Sci Total Environ
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Department of Obstetrics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China. Electronic address:
Carbon black nanoparticles (CBNPs) are ubiquitous in our daily ambient environment, either resulting from tobacco combustion or constituting the core of PM. Despite the potential risk of trafficking CBNPs to the fetus, the underlying toxicity of nano-sized carbon black particles in the placenta remains unambiguous. Pregnant C57BL/6 mice received intratracheal instillation of 30 nm or 120 nm CBNPs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAge-structured modeling of COVID-19 dynamics: the role of treatment and vaccination in controlling the pandemic.
J Math Biol
December 2024
Complex Systems Research Center, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China.
In addition to non-pharmaceutical interventions, antiviral drugs and vaccination are considered as the optimal solutions to control and eliminate the COVID-19 pandemic. It is necessary to couple within-host and between-host models to investigate the impact of treatment and vaccination. Hence, we propose an age-structured model, where the infection age is used to link the within-host viral dynamics and the disease dynamics at the population level.
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