AI Article Synopsis
- The study highlights that while macro-organisms typically show increased diversity towards the equator, the diversity of marine bacterioplankton in the Atlantic Ocean displays a unique double inverted latitudinal gradient, peaking in mid-latitudes and decreasing as it approaches the equator.
- Researchers analyzed 359 water samples collected from various depths along a 12,000 km transect, revealing this unexpected pattern of bacterioplankton diversity.
- The findings indicate that, unlike macro-organisms, the diversity of marine bacteria is not solely driven by temperature and is negatively affected by higher bacterial cell numbers in shallower depths.
Article Abstract
The diversity of macro-organisms increases towards the equator, with almost no exceptions. It is the most conserved biogeographical pattern on earth and is thought to be related to the increase of temperature and productivity in the tropics. The extent and orientation of a latitudinal gradient of marine bacterioplankton diversity is controversial. Here we studied the euphotic zone of the Atlantic Ocean based on a transect covering ~12.000 km from 51°S to 47 °N. Water samples were collected at 26 stations at five depths between 20 and 200 m and sequentially filtered through 8 μm, 3 μm and 0,22 μm filters, resulting in a total of 359 samples. Illumina sequencing of the V5-V6 region of the 16S rRNA gene revealed a clear biogeographic pattern with a double inverted latitudinal gradient. Diversity was higher in mid-latitudinal regions of the Atlantic Ocean and decreased towards the equator. This pattern was conserved for bacteria from all three planktonic size fractions. Diversity showed a non-linear relationship with temperature and was negatively correlated with bacterial cell numbers in the upper depth layers (<100 m). The latitudinal gradients of marine bacterial diversity and the mechanisms that govern them are distinct from those found in macro-organisms.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4707477 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep19054 | DOI Listing |
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