In this article, we formulate a nonlinear structural equation model (SEM) that can accommodate covariates in the measurement equation and nonlinear terms of covariates and exogenous latent variables in the structural equation. The covariates can come from continuous or discrete distributions. A Bayesian approach is developed to analyze the proposed model. Markov chain Monte Carlo methods for obtaining Bayesian estimates and their standard error estimates, highest posterior density intervals, and a PP p value are developed. Results obtained from two simulation studies are reported to respectively reveal the empirical performance of the proposed Bayesian estimation in analyzing complex nonlinear SEMs, and in analyzing nonlinear SEMs with the normal assumption of the exogenous latent variables violated. The proposed methodology is further illustrated by a real example. Detailed interpretation about the interaction terms is presented.
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Sci Rep
January 2025
Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Thomas Van Aquinostraat 4, 6525, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Psychopathic traits and antisocial behavior show a well-documented relationship with decreased empathic processing. It has been proposed that a reduced own experience of pain leads to perceiving others' pain as less severe, which potentially facilitates exploitative, aggressive behavior towards others. We evaluated the link between psychopathic traits, experimental pain sensitivity and empathy for pain in a community sample (n = 74).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Environ Manage
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Science, Changchun, 130102, Jilin Province, China.
The expansion of irrigated agriculture in semi-arid regions exacerbates the degradation of wetland ecosystems. Precision water recharge can facilitate near-natural restoration of degraded wetlands by alleviating the conflict between wetlands and agricultural water use. However, although the ecological significance of precision water recharge as a nature-based solution for restoring wetland vegetation has been widely acknowledged, the mechanisms driving its role in spikelet development and seed growth in Carex schmidtii Meinsh.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
Department of Counseling, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
The objective of the present study was to predict drug use among Iranian students on the basis of alexithymia, gender, age, and the mediating role of emotion regulation difficulty. This research employed a descriptive-correlational approach (structural equation modeling). The statistical population included 400 high school students studying during the 2023-2024 academic year in the cities of Khorramabad and Ardabil.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChem Commun (Camb)
January 2025
Graphene Composite Research Center, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China.
In this study, a distinctive multiple core-shell structure of Co nanoparticles inserted into N-doped carbon dodecahedron@Co hydroxide (Co/NCD@Co(OH)) was synthesized a spontaneous redox reaction between metallic Co and NO, ultimately materializing the fine dispersion and exposure of the active sites. The electronic interaction existing between the Co/NCD core and the Co(OH) shell brings a synergistic effect, conspicuously lessens the overpotential, and reinforces the yield-rate and faradaic efficiency of NH for electrochemical nitrate-ammonia conversion. This study underlines the spontaneous redox between the catalysts and substrate, rendering it as a synthetic strategy for designing genuine and well-dispersed active sites.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Rev Lett
December 2024
Laboratoire PHENIX, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, (Physico-Chimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux), 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
In recent years, the theoretical description of electrical noise and fluctuation-induced effects in electrolytes has gained renewed interest, enabled by stochastic field theories like stochastic density functional theory (SDFT). Such models, however, treat solvents implicitly, ignoring their generally polar nature. In the present study, starting from microscopic principles, we derive a fully explicit SDFT theory that applies to ions in a polar solvent.
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