Background: Accurate dose assessment and correct identification of irradiated from non-irradiated people are goals of biological dosimetry in radiation accidents.
Objectives: Changes in the FDXR and the RAD51 gene expression (GE) levels were here analyzed in response to total body exposure (TBE) to a 6 MV x-ray beam in rats. We determined the accuracy for absolute quantification of GE to predict the dose at 24 hours.
Materials And Methods: For this in vivo experimental study, using simple randomized sampling, peripheral blood samples were collected from a total of 20 Wistar rats at 24 hours following exposure of total body to 6 MV X-ray beam energy with doses (0.2, 0.5, 2 and 4 Gy) for TBE in Linac Varian 2100C/D (Varian, USA) in Golestan Hospital, in Ahvaz, Iran. Also, 9 rats was irradiated with a 6MV X-ray beam at doses of 1, 2, 3 Gy in 6MV energy as a validation group. A sham group was also included. After RNA extraction and DNA synthesis, GE changes were measured by the QRT-PCR technique and an absolute quantification strategy by taqman methodology in peripheral blood from rats. ROC analysis was used to distinguish irradiated from non-irradiated samples (qualitative dose assessment) at a dose of 2 Gy.
Results: The best fits for mean of responses were polynomial equations with a R2 of 0.98 and 0.90 (for FDXR and RAD51 dose response curves, respectively). Dose response of the FDXR gene produced a better mean dose estimation of irradiated "validation" samples compared to the RAD51 gene at doses of 1, 2 and 3 Gy. FDXR gene expression separated the irradiated rats from controls with a sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 87.5%, 83.5% and 81.3%, respectively, 24 hours after dose of 2 Gy. These values were significantly (p<0.05) higher than the 75%, 75% and 75%, respectively, obtained using gene expression of RAD51 analysis at a dose of 2 Gy.
Conclusions: Collectively, these data suggest that absolute quantification by gel purified quantitative RT-PCR can be used to measure the mRNA copies for GE biodosimetry studies at comparable accuracy to similar methods. In the case of TBE with 6MV energy, FDXR gene expression analysis is more precise than that with RAD51 for quantitative and qualitative dose assessment.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.18.8553 | DOI Listing |
Background: Focused ultrasound (FUS)-induced blood-brain barrier opening (BBBO) is a technique for safely, non-invasively, and transiently opening the blood brain barrier in a targeted area of the brain. Pre-clinical and clinical studies have shown that FUS is capable of decreasing amyloid plaque load and stimulating neurogenesis in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) models, in addition to being safe for use in human patients. However, the effect of FUS-BBBO on neurons has not yet been characterized, despite its crucial role in cognition and regulating brain function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
Background: Genetic studies indicate a causal role for microglia, the innate immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite the progress made in identifying genetic risk factors, such as CD33, and underlying molecular changes, there are currently limited treatment options for AD. Based on the immune-inhibitory function of CD33, we hypothesize that inhibition of CD33 activation may reverse microglial suppression and restore their ability to resolve inflammatory processes and mitigate pathogenic amyloid plaques, which may be neuroprotective.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Convergent evidence indicates that deficits in the endosomal recycling pathway underlies pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). SORL1 encodes the retromer-associated receptor SORLA that plays an essential role in recycling of AD-associated cargos such as the amyloid precursor protein and the glutamatergic AMPA receptor. Importantly, loss of function pathogenic SORL1 variants are associated with AD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo, Nigeria.
Background: In recent decades, epidemiological and experimental studies have looked into the role of pesticides, particularly the herbicide paraquat, in the development of Parkinson's disease. Horseradish tree (Moringa oleifera) is an ethnobotanical plant with lots of therapeutic potential, but there is a dearth of information on the bioactive properties of the seed alkaloid extracts.
Method: This study examined the modulatory effects of various concentrations of an alkaloid extract from the seeds of Horseradish Tree (Moringa oleifera) on the survival rate of flies exposed to paraquat, as well as certain biochemical and molecular markers related to Parkinson's disease in the heads of the flies.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;, Beijing, China.
Background: Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) face an increased risk of dementia. Recent discoveries indicate that SGLT2 inhibitors, a newer class of anti-diabetic medication, exhibit beneficial metabolic effects beyond glucose control, offering a potential avenue for mitigating the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, limited evidence exists regarding whether the use of SGLT2 inhibitors effectively reduces the risk of AD.
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