The prevalence of microfilaraemia, clinical spectrum of bancroftian filariasis and vector potential were studied in Vettavalam village in North Arcot district of Tamil Nadu. The effectiveness of selective therapy with diethyl carbamazine (DEC) in controlling filariasis in rural areas was also evaluated. The prevalence of microfilaraemia (mf rate) and disease (disease rate) was found to be 11.7 and 11.09 per cent respectively. Hydrocele was the dominant clinical sign in males and lymphoedema in females. The density of the vector Culex quinquefasciatus was 25.44 females/man-hour, and the infection and infectivity rates were 18.16 and 1.09 per cent respectively. All mf carriers detected after the mass blood survey were given a single course of DEC at the dosage of 6 mg/kg of body wt/day for 12 days. Only 61.6 per cent of them took the full course of DEC treatment. DEC therapy brought down the mf rate from 11.7 to 5.84 per cent after one month. In the absence of further treatment, there was no significant change in mf prevalence after one year.
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