The paper reports changes in the main parameters of the lower limb veins in 36 cosmonauts in the course of 6-month space missions. Major reduction in the leg volume was shown in all cosmonauts, as well as a significant increase of venous capacity and compliance. Rate of vein filling exhibited different trends, i.e. decreased in the majority of cosmonauts (n = 26, 74%) and increased in the rest (n = 9, 26%). Increases in venous capacity, compliance and filling rate may impact orthostatic stability (OS). These changes are among the pathophysiological mechanisms of the OS loss in space flight.
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