Language has been assumed to influence categorization for both adults and children but the precise role and potency of linguistic labels in category formation remains open. Here we explore how linguistic labels help fit objects into categories when relevant perceptual information is either ambiguous or inconsistent with the labels. We also ask how the effects of labels compare to those of other types of information such as facts. We presented 4-year-old children and adults with tasks in which they had to categorize a perceptually ambiguous natural-kind stimulus with one of two equidistant standards (Exp. 1 and 2) or group an ambiguous natural-kind stimulus into a category with a perceptually dissimilar standard (Exp. 3). Participants had access to labels (e.g., "This one is a lorp/pim"), observable facts (e.g., "This one has a long/short beak"), or unobservable facts (e.g., "This one drinks water/milk") that grouped the ambiguous stimulus with one of the standards. Both children and adults followed label- and fact-driven category boundaries for perceptually ambiguous stimuli (Exp. 1 and 2), and continued to do so even when the labels or facts pointed to perceptually incongruent categories (Exp. 3). These findings suggest a strong causal role for both labels and facts in categorization and have implications about theories of how categorization develops in children.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2015.11.010 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Reason's Triumph over Passion? Chinese Adults' Attention to Information on Ultra-Processed Foods' Fat and Sodium Contents in Nutrition Facts Tables.
Nutrients
January 2025
Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China.
Background: It is common for consumers to purchase ultra-processed foods that are perceived to have health risks, and this phenomenon is rarely explained in the existing literature from the perspective of consumers' responses to the intuitive marketing of flavor labels and the packaging.
Methods: This study aimed to fill this knowledge gap and investigated the attention of 920 participants aged 18~59 across China toward fat and sodium content information for six ultra-processed foods (pastry foods, quick-frozen foods, dessert foods, puffed foods, beverages, and sauces) presented in nutrition facts tables based on the theoretical analysis framework for purchasing decisions on ultra-processed foods by using the binary logit model.
Results: It was found that the respondent' s attention to fat and sodium content information was positively influenced by health risk perception levels and levels of knowledge about fat and sodium but negatively influenced by the interaction term between flavor labels (or the packaging) that stimulated the purchase desire and health risk perception levels (or levels of knowledge about fat and sodium).
Appearance of green tea compounds in plasma following acute green tea consumption is modulated by the gut microbiome in mice.
Microbiol Spectr
January 2025
Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Unlabelled: Studies have suggested that phytochemicals in green tea have systemic anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. However, the mechanisms behind these effects are poorly understood, possibly due to the differential metabolism of phytochemicals resulting from variations in gut microbiome composition. To unravel this complex relationship, our team utilized a novel combined microbiome analysis and metabolomics approach applied to low complexity microbiome (LCM) and human colonized (HU) gnotobiotic mice treated with an acute dose of powdered matcha green tea.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLabel Accuracy and Quality of Select Weight-Loss Dietary Supplements Sold on or near US Military Bases.
Nutrients
December 2024
Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
: Sixty-eight percent of service members are living with overweight or obesity, some who may not consult a healthcare provider when they decide to lose weight. Instead, they often turn to weight-loss dietary supplements for self-care solutions. The purpose of this case series study was to examine the label accuracy and quality of select weight-loss dietary supplements sold on or near US military bases across the country.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEstimating the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in electronic health records with massive missing labels.
Intell Based Med
July 2024
School of Industrial Engineering and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
Objective: The paper aims to address the problem of massive unlabeled patients in electronic health records (EHR) who potentially have undiagnosed diabetic retinopathy (DR). It is desired to estimate the actual DR prevalence in EHR with 96 % missing labels.
Materials And Methods: The Cerner Health Facts data are used in the study, with 3749 labeled DR patients and 97,876 unlabeled diabetic patients.
Bifunctional MOFs Nanozyme with Peroxidase Activity and Stimulus-responsive Fluorescent for Determination of Glyphosate.
J Fluoresc
December 2024
College of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, China.
Article Synopsis
- A new method using copper benzenedicarboxylate metal-organic frameworks (CuBDC) was developed for detecting glyphosate in the environment.
- The method relies on the interaction between glyphosate and copper ions, which inhibits the framework's peroxidase-like activity, leading to a measurable decrease in fluorescence.
- It demonstrated a sensitivity range of 0.5-10 µg/mL for glyphosate detection, with a limit of detection at 23.99 ng/mL, making it effective for testing river water samples.
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!