The treatment of melanoma has improved markedly over the last several years with the advent of more targeted therapies. Unfortunately, complex compensation mechanisms, such as those of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, have limited the clinical benefit of these treatments. Recently, a better understanding of melanoma resistance mechanisms has given way to intelligently designed multidrug regimes. Herein, we review the extensive pathways of BRAF inhibitor (vemurafenib and dabrafenib) resistance. We also review the advantages of dual therapy, including the addition of an MEK inhibitor (cobimetinib or trametinib), which has proven to increase progression-free survival when compared to BRAF inhibitor monotherapy. Finally, this review touches on future treatment strategies that are being developed for advanced melanoma, including the possibility of triple therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors and the work on optimizing sequential therapy.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4694671 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S93545 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Geospatial patterns by cancer stage across Australia for three common cancers.
Cancer Epidemiol
December 2024
Centre for Data Science, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology 2 George St, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia; Viertel Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Council Queensland, 553 Gregory Terrace, Fortitude Valley, Queensland 4006, Australia. Electronic address:
Background: Monitoring cancer stage is vital to interpret cancer incidence and survival patterns, yet there are currently no cancer stage estimates by small areas across Australia, despite demonstrated large disparities in cancer incidence and survival. While cancer stage data is not routinely collected in Australia, a pilot project collected stage information nationwide in 2011.
Methods: Data on all primary invasive melanoma, female breast and prostate cancers (stages 1-4) diagnosed during 2011 in Australia were categorised into early and intermediate/advanced stage at diagnosis.
The impact of type 2 diabetes on melanoma stage (TNM) at the time of diagnosis and its association with sex: A Danish nationwide study.
Cancer Epidemiol
December 2024
Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. Electronic address:
Background: Cancer has become the leading cause of death among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in high-income countries. T2D is suggested to directly influence cancer progression. However, the association between T2D and melanoma stage at diagnosis remains uncertain, as well as any potential sex disparities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExtracts Exert Anti-Melanogenic Properties via the CREB/MAPK Pathway in B16F10 Cells.
Mar Drugs
November 2024
Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea.
, a salt-tolerant plant, has demonstrated antioxidant effects, the ability to prevent prostate enlargement, antifungal properties, and skin moisturizing benefits. This study aimed to explore the anti-melanogenic potential of the 70% ethanol extract of (TME) along with its ethyl acetate (TME-EA) and water (TME-A) fractions. TME (10-200 µg/mL), TME-EA (1-15 µg/mL), and TME-A (100-1000 µg/mL) were prepared and applied to B16F10 cells with or without α-MSH for 72 h.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUncommon Nasal Mass Presentation: A Radiological Case Series.
J Pers Med
December 2024
Radiological Sciences Section, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, AOUP "Paolo Giaccone", Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
Nasal and paranasal sinus masses can arise from a wide range of conditions, both benign and malignant, as well as congenital or acquired. Diagnosing these masses is often challenging, requiring a combination of nasal endoscopy, imaging studies, and histopathological analysis. Initial imaging frequently involves computed tomography or cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to evaluate the bony anatomy of the nasal cavity and surrounding sinuses, while magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is typically used for detailed assessment of soft tissues and to aid in differential diagnosis when the findings are inconclusive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEfficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors rechallenge in advanced solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Front Oncol
December 2024
Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Introduction: The efficacy and safety of re-administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in advanced solid tumors lacks consensus and is of great concern to clinicians. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and adverse effects of ICIs rechallenges in advanced solid tumors.
Methods: We systematically searched the databases of PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and screened the relevant literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!