Fully automated liver segmentation using Sobolev gradient-based level set evolution.

Quantitative analysis and precise measurements on the liver have vital importance for pre-evaluation of surgical operations and require high accuracy in liver segmentation from all slices in a data set. However, automated liver segmentation from medical image data sets is more challenging than segmentation of any other organ due to various reasons such as vascular structures in the liver, high variability of liver shapes, similar intensity values, and unclear edges between liver and its adjacent organs. In this study, a variational level set-based segmentation approach is proposed to be efficient in terms of processing time and accuracy. The efficiency of this method is achieved by (1) automated initialization of a large initial contour, (2) using an adaptive signed pressure force function, and also (3) evolution of the level set with Sobolev gradient. Experimental results show that the proposed fully automated segmentation technique avoids local minima and stops evolution of the active contour at desired liver boundaries with high speed and accuracy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.