Objective: A critical review of issues around the effectiveness of educational approaches applied in the field of HIV/AIDS prevention.
Methods: Published papers, systematic reviews and technical reports were reviewed.
Results: The review has identified the large gap between the current state of the art and the ultimate goal of the education-based approaches contributing to the reduction of HIV incidence rates. Significant positive impact has been reported mainly on mediating factors to behavioural change (knowledge, attitude, and intentions). The reported impact on actual behaviour change has been weak and short-lived. Biological markers are not used in many studies as outcome measures and follow-up period is too short to facilitate the measurement of impact on behaviour change or biological markers. Several methodological flaws and cultural issues militate against effective programming. A guideline for standardising practice and research in school-based programme is available for use.
Conclusion: There is only very modest evidence of the effectiveness of educational interventions as a result of several gaps in project design, implementation and follow-up. There is urgent need to raise practice and research standards.
Practice Implications: Educational interventions should utilise scientifically valid data gathering methods. Follow-up period should be long enough to allow for impact measurement.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2015.12.004 | DOI Listing |
Pilot Feasibility Stud
January 2025
Academic Unit for Ageing and Stroke Research, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
Background: There is a growing evidence base to support the use of self-management interventions for improving quality of life after stroke. However, stroke survivors with aphasia have been underrepresented in research to date. It is therefore unclear if self-management is an appropriate or effective approach for this group.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Psychol
January 2025
Faculty of Psychology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
Anxiety is known to significantly impair cognitive function, particularly attentional control. While exercise has been demonstrated to alleviate these cognitive deficits, the precise neural mechanisms underlying these effects remain poorly understood. This study examines the effects of exercise on attentional control in individuals with high trait anxiety, based on attentional control theory, which suggests that such individuals have reduced top-down attention.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReprod Health
January 2025
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
Background: Refugee women's reproductive health (RH) outcomes have been impacted by several factors, including experiencing war, lack of access to healthcare, and possible gender-based violence. After resettlement, low health literacy, financial difficulties, cultural and linguistic barriers, and unfamiliarity with the healthcare system also add to the preexisting barriers. Although several efforts have focused on health education and improving health literacy among refugee women, there has not been a validated tool to measure the effectiveness of these trainings and their possible impact.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Psychol
January 2025
Department of Education Leadership and Management, Faculty of Education, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Background: Concerns about leadership style and job achievement are global priorities. Most previous investigations have concentrated on one or two of the variables rather than on the sociodemographic characteristics. To properly understand the impact of leadership styles on teacher performance, it is critical to grasp the sociodemographic characteristicsvia a holistic approach to rethinking and improving the existing level.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Oral Health
January 2025
The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China.
Objective: To investigate the effects of modified twin-block appliances (MTBA) on obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and mandibular retrognathia and the changes in the upper airway, hyoid bone position, and hypoxia-related inflammatory marker levels in children with OSA.
Methods: This study included children with OSA and mandibular retrognathia and those with class I without mandibular retrognathia (n = 35 each). The experimental group comprised children with OSA and mandibular retrognathia managed using MTBA.
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