The Spanish legal framework for the processing of samples and data with biomedical research purposes has sought to encourage scientific research, protect the right to freedom of research, and guarantee the interests of donors. The pillars of this legal framework are firstly, the duty to inform the donor in order to ensure that he or she is aware of the importance and the consequences of the donation; secondly, the control by ethics committees (RECs and External Ethics Committees of biobanks); and third, the supplementary application of the general rules on data protection. There are three different possibilities for processing samples (project, collection, and biobanks) - each one reinforcing specific consent or requiring other added guarantees. This system, which is applied consistently in the entire national territory, is producing very satisfactory results. However, there are some issues that need further policies or legal development, as the specific conditions and procedures for the international transfer of samples and data with research purposes.
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