Background: To reduce excess morbidity and mortality of pneumonia and influenza (PI), the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices has recommended the use of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7), and incrementally expanded the target group for annual influenza vaccination of healthy persons, to ultimately include all persons ≥6 months of age without contraindications as of the 2010-2011 influenza season. We aimed to capture broader epidemiologic changes by looking at PI collectively.
Methods: Using interrupted time series, we evaluated the changes in the rates of PI hospitalization and inpatient death across three periods defined according to the changes in vaccination policy. We assessed linear trends adjusting for seasonality, sex, and age group, allowing for differential impact across age groups. PI hospitalizations were defined as a principal diagnosis of PI, or a principal diagnosis of sepsis or respiratory failure, accompanied by a secondary diagnosis of PI.
Results: Overall annual rates of PI hospitalizations and inpatient deaths declined by 95 per 100,000 (95% CI: 45-145) and by 4.4 per 100,000 (95% CI: 0.9-7.8), respectively. This translates to 295,000 fewer PI hospitalizations and 13,600 fewer PI inpatient deaths than expected based on the average rates from 1996 through 1999. PI hospitalizations dropped the most among seniors aged 65+ by 487 per 100,000, followed by children aged <2, by 228 per 100,000. PI inpatient deaths declined most among seniors aged 65+, by 25.3 per 100,000.
Conclusions: In this nationally representative study, PI hospitalizations and inpatient deaths decreased in U.S. between 1996 and 2011. There is a temporal association with the introduction and widespread use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, and the expansion of the target group for annual influenza vaccination to include all persons ≥6 months of age, while it is difficult to attribute these changes directly to specific vaccines used in this era.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.12.003 | DOI Listing |
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth
December 2024
Center for International Health, LMU, Munich, Germany.
Background: Despite recent improvements in the overall health status of Nepal's population, newborn morbidities and mortalities have remained a challenge. This study explores the situation and care strategies for newborn health problems in the Gandaki Province of Nepal.
Methods: This is a retrospective hospital records analysis.
Respir Med
December 2024
Department for Pulmonary Medicine, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Lung Precision Medicine (LPM), Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Switzerland. Electronic address:
Background: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) aims to improve patients' functioning in interstitial lung disease (ILD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The impact of change in functional independence during PR on subsequent survival has not been established. We aimed to determine functional independence during PR and its association with survival over three years post-PR.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Vasc Surg
December 2024
Division of Vascular Surgery, Loma Linda School of Medicine, 11175 Campus St, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA. Electronic address:
Introduction: Acute pediatric vascular issues are infrequent and result in a diverse, unpredictable experience for vascular surgeons and trainees. We reviewed the indications for consult and resulting interventions provided by the Vascular Surgery (VS) service at a freestanding Children's Hospital (CH) adjacent to a university hospital.
Methods: Consults to VS at our CH were reviewed over a 4.
BMC Palliat Care
December 2024
The Palliative Care Center, Päijät-Häme Wellbeing Services County, Lahti, Finland.
Background: Studies show that hospital deaths bring significant health care costs, and the involvement of specialized palliative care can help to reduce these costs. The aim of this retrospective registry-based study was to evaluate end-of-life hospital costs in patients dying in a university hospital oncology ward, with or without specialized palliative outpatient clinic contact at any timepoint.
Methods: The study population consists of all patients who died in the Kuopio University Hospital oncology ward in the years 2012-2018 (n = 457).
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