New malaria diagnostic methods based on hemozoin (Hz) detection have been reported recently and were investigated in rodent models. These models are likely to produce unduly favorable results compared to the reality of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Thus, for malaria diagnostics, results from rodent malaria experiments must be interpreted with caution.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2015.11.012 | DOI Listing |
J Mater Chem B
January 2025
Nano and Bioelectrochemistry Research Laboratory, Carbon dioxide Research and Green Technology Centre, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632 014, India.
Hemozoin (HZ, a malarial pigment) is an insoluble crystalline byproduct formed during the intraerythrocytic breakdown of hemoglobin by some blood-feeding parasites, such as . It consists of polymerized iron-porphyrin molecular units linked by carboxylic bonds. Due to the rigid molecular structure, studying the electron transfer activity of HZ is challenging.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS Pathog
October 2024
Laboratory of Tropical Diseases-Prof. Dr. Luiz Jacintho da Silva, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is the mainstay of effective treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. However, the long-term utility of ACTs is imperiled by widespread partial artemisinin resistance in Southeast Asia and its recent emergence in parts of East Africa. This underscores the need to identify chemotypes with new modes of action (MoAs) to circumvent resistance to ACTs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
October 2024
Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
Current malaria diagnostics are invasive, lack sensitivity, and rapid tests are plagued by deletions in target antigens. Here we introduce the Cytophone, an innovative photoacoustic flow cytometer platform with high-pulse-rate lasers and a focused ultrasound transducer array to noninvasively detect and identify malaria-infected red blood cells (iRBCs) using specific wave shapes, widths, and time delays generated from the absorbance of laser energy by hemozoin, a universal biomarker of malaria infection. In a population of Cameroonian adults with uncomplicated malaria, we assess our device for safety in a cross-sectional cohort (n = 10) and conduct a performance assessment in a longitudinal cohort (n = 20) followed for 30 ± 7 days after clearance of parasitemia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
June 2024
Experimental Physics 5, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, 86159, Augsburg, Germany.
Hemozoin is a natural biomarker formed during the hemoglobin metabolism of Plasmodium parasites, the causative agents of malaria. The rotating-crystal magneto-optical detection (RMOD) has been developed for its rapid and sensitive detection both in cell cultures and patient samples. In the current article we demonstrate that, besides quantifying the overall concentration of hemozoin produced by the parasites, RMOD can also track the size distribution of the hemozoin crystals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrobes Infect
July 2024
Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. Electronic address:
Hemozoin is a crystal synthesized by Plasmodium parasites during hemoglobin digestion in the erythrocytic stage. The hemozoin released when the parasites egress from the red blood cell, which is complexed with parasite DNA, is cleared from the circulation by circulating and tissue-resident monocytes and macrophages, respectively. Recently, we reported that intravenous administration of purified hemozoin complexed with Plasmodium berghei DNA (Hz) resulted in an innate immune response that blocked liver stage development of sporozoites that was dose-dependent and time-limited.
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