Objective: Contractions of the target muscle influence the aftereffects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). The aim of this paper is to investigate whether or not voluntary hand movement influences the aftereffects of quadripulse stimulation (QPS) on the hand motor area.
Methods: Thirteen healthy volunteers participated in this study. After QPS-5 or QPS-50 intervention over the motor hot spot for the right first dorsal interosseous muscle (FDI), the subjects performed voluntary motor tasks (opening-closing right hand movements at 1 Hz for 1 min). We compared the time courses of MEP size between the conditions with and without voluntary movement.
Results: When the subjects moved their hands immediately after QPS, both QPS-5 and QPS-50 aftereffects were abolished. However, if they moved their hands at 20 min after QPS, the long-term aftereffects were preserved.
Conclusions: Voluntary hand movement applied after intervention influences QPS aftereffects, but the magnitude of the influence depends on the delay between QPS and the voluntary movement.
Significance: In the plasticity induction experiments, we should always be mindful of the fact that voluntary movement, including the target muscle, seriously influences the induced long-term effects of QPS.
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