Intensified Topical Steroids as Prophylaxis for Macular Edema After Posterior Lamellar Keratoplasty Combined With Cataract Surgery.

Purpose: To analyze the effect of intensified topical steroid therapy after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty combined with cataract surgery (triple-DMEK) on the incidence of postoperative cystoid macular edema (CME).

Design: Single-center comparative clinical study with historical controls.

Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Germany, tertiary hospital, performing 500 corneal transplant surgeries per year.

Patients: Total of 131 patients (150 eyes) undergoing triple-DMEK surgery. Inclusion Criterion: Triple-DMEK surgery.

Exclusion Criteria: Prior retinal surgery, history of prior CME.

Interventions: Prednisolone acetate eye drops 1% 5 times daily for the first week after surgery. After an internal change of therapy regimen: Prednisolone acetate eye drops 1% hourly for the first postoperative week. We compared 75 consecutive eyes before with 75 consecutive eyes after the change of therapy regimen. Patients received macular spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) preoperatively, as well as 6 weeks and 3 and 6 months post surgery.

Main Outcome Measure: Development of CME detected by macular SD OCT during 6 months postoperatively.

Results: Both groups were comparable regarding baseline age, sex, central corneal thickness, rebubbling rate, and visual acuity. With topical steroid therapy 5 times per day during the first postoperative week, we observed 9 cases of subsequent CME (12%). With hourly topical steroid therapy none of the patients developed CME subsequently (P = .003). Apart from the topical steroids during the first week, medical treatment was identical in both groups.

Conclusions: Early intensified postoperative topical steroid therapy constitutes an effective prophylactic treatment to reduce incidence of CME after triple-DMEK surgery.