We investigated the effects of a script-fading and discrimination-training procedure on mand variability in preschoolers with autism. Participants were taught to vary their vocal mands in the presence of written scripts, a green placemat, and a lag schedule of reinforcement. They were also taught to engage in repetitive mands in the presence of the same written scripts and a red placemat. When the scripts were removed, all 3 participants continued to engage in varied manding in the presence of the green placemat and lag schedule, and they continued to engage in repetitive manding in the presence of the red placemat. When the lag schedule was also removed, 2 of the 3 participants continued to engage in varied responding in the presence of the green placemat and repetitive responding in the presence of the red placemat. Finally, all 3 participants demonstrated generalization and maintenance of mand variability during snack sessions with their peers.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jaba.280 | DOI Listing |
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
December 2024
Chair of Plant Health, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.
Pollinators are exposed to multiple pesticides during their lifetime. Various pesticides are used in agriculture and thus not all mixtures have been tested against each other and little is known about them. In this article, we investigate the impact of sulfoxaflor, a novel sulfoximine insecticide, and azoxystrobin, a widely used strobilurin fungicide, on bumble bee Bombus terrestris worker survival and physiological functions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Dev Neurosci
November 2024
Department of Special Education, Faculty of Education, European University of Lefke, Lefka, Cyprus.
This study, uniquely designed with tact and mand-modeling procedures presented through the Conjoint Behavioral Consultation (CBC) method, aims to evaluate the effects on the communication skills of preschool children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the impact on disruptive behaviors (tantrums) at home. A pilot study with the families of three participants informed the adaptations for the main study, which was implemented with the families of nine participants. The research was conducted using an Embedded Mixed Methods Design, a distinctive approach that allowed for a comprehensive understanding of the outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBehav Anal Pract
March 2024
University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA.
The extant literature demonstrates that individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) exhibit preferences among communication modalities when multiple modalities are available and produce reinforcement on identical reinforcement schedules. High- and low-tech communication options, such as voice output devices and picture cards, are commonly recommended for individuals with limited vocal communication skills. In this study, we conducted a systematic literature review of research studies that implemented mand modality preference assessments (MMPAs) that included both a high- and low-tech communication option with individuals with IDD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZ Geburtshilfe Neonatol
February 2024
Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe, Kiel, Germany.
SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease are thought to have an impact on breastfeeding rate - besides other known peripartal issues. Data of the national CRONOS registry regarding breastfeeding behavior in 6,746 women was analyzed regarding the time window between maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection and time of delivery. In addition, other influencing factors like the predominant viral variant, maternal disease severity, and gestational age at delivery were taken into account.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPerspect Behav Sci
December 2023
Institute for Applied Behavioral Science, Endicott College, MA Beverly, USA.
The acquisition of verbal behavior is complex and requires the analysis of myriad variables. Ernst Moerk estimated that by the time a child has reached 4 years of age they have experienced nearly 9 million language learning trials with mothers using at least 14 categories of maternal teaching interactions. The interactions provide a foundation for children learning the tact, mand, echoic, intraverbal, autoclitic, and other relations, described by Skinner in .
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