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Probabilistic modelling of prospective environmental concentrations of gold nanoparticles from medical applications as a basis for risk assessment. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • The use of gold nanoparticles (Au-NP) in medicine is growing due to their unique properties, with diagnostic and therapeutic applications being explored in clinical settings and research.
  • Estimated annual consumption of Au-NP for medical purposes is 540 kg in the UK and 2700 kg in the US, with environmental concentrations predicted to be low in sludge and surface water.
  • Overall, the environmental risk from Au-NP in surface waters is minimal for the near future, though further toxicity studies, particularly in soil, are necessary.

Article Abstract

Background: The use of gold nanoparticles (Au-NP) based medical applications is rising due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Diagnostic devices based on Au-NP are already available in the market or are in clinical trials and Au-NP based therapeutics and theranostics (combined diagnostic and treatment modality) are in the research and development phase. Currently, no information on Au-NP consumption, material flows to and concentrations in the environment are available. Therefore, we estimated prospective maximal consumption of Au-NP from medical applications in the UK and US. We then modelled the Au-NP flows post-use and predicted their environmental concentrations. Furthermore, we assessed the environment risks of Au-NP by comparing the predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) with ecological threshold (PNEC) values.

Results: The mean annual estimated consumption of Au-NP from medical applications is 540 kg for the UK and 2700 kg for the US. Among the modelled concentrations of Au-NP in environmental compartments, the mean annual PEC of Au-NP in sludge for both the UK and US was estimated at 124 and 145 μg kg(-1), respectively. The mean PEC in surface water was estimated at 468 and 4.7 pg L(-1), respectively for the UK and US. The NOEC value for the water compartment ranged from 0.12 up to 26,800 μg L(-1), with most values in the range of 1000 μg L(-1).

Conclusion: The results using the current set of data indicate that the environmental risk from Au-NP used in nanomedicine in surface waters and from agricultural use of biosolids is minimal in the near future, especially because we have used a worst-case use assessment. More Au-NP toxicity studies are needed for the soil compartment.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4688950PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12951-015-0150-0DOI Listing

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