Electrical Isolation of Pulmonary Veins Using Laser Catheter in the Treatment of Paroxysmal and Persistent Atrial Fibrillation. One-year Results.

Introduction And Objectives: A new laser balloon that allows visualization of atrial tissue has recently been introduced for pulmonary vein electrical isolation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mid-term safety and efficacy of this catheter in the treatment of atrial fibrillation.

Methods: Laser balloon ablation was performed in 71 patients with paroxysmal (80%) or persistent (20%) atrial fibrillation. Arrhythmia recurrence was defined as any episode lasting longer than 30 seconds. During follow-up, regular visits were performed every 3 months with 24- to 48-hour Holter tests.

Results: Isolation was possible in 275 of 278 (99%) of pulmonary veins. Mean procedure and fluoroscopy times were 154 ± 25 and 34 ± 15minutes, respectively. A total of 89% of veins were isolated during the first attempt. The most common complication was phrenic nerve paralysis (5.6%), which appeared in only the first 18 cases. A total of 59 patients received follow-up for a mean of 420 ± 193 days, with a rate of arrhythmia recurrence of 12% and 30%, respectively, in paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation (P = .155).

Conclusions: The laser balloon is a safe and effective system for pulmonary vein electrical isolation. Its advantages include the capacity to adapt to pulmonary vein anatomy using a single catheter, the efficacy with which pulmonary vein electrical isolation is achieved, and the favorable mid-term clinical progress, even for patients with persistent atrial fibrillation.