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Middle-range exploratory activity in adult rats suggests higher resilience to chronic social defeat. | LitMetric

Middle-range exploratory activity in adult rats suggests higher resilience to chronic social defeat.

Acta Neuropsychiatr

Department of Psychology,Estonian Centre of Behavioural and Health Sciences,Division of Neuropsychopharmacology, University of Tartu,Tartu,Estonia.

Published: June 2016

AI Article Synopsis

  • - The study investigates how different levels of exploratory behavior in rats—low (LE), medium (ME), and high (HE)—affect their response to chronic social defeat (SD), a model for stress that can lead to mood disorders.
  • - Results indicate that LE rats are particularly vulnerable to the effects of SD, exhibiting behaviors like increased stress and changes in brain chemistry, while ME rats show the least stress reactivity.
  • - The findings highlight that both low and high levels of novelty-seeking can contribute to sensitivity to social stress, with low exploration being a risk factor for passive coping strategies.

Article Abstract

Objective: Stressful life events play an important role in the aetiology of human mood disorders and are frequently modelled by chronic social defeat (SD) in rodents. Exploratory phenotype in rats is a stable trait that is likely related to inter-individual differences in reactivity to stress. The aim of the study was to confirm that low levels of exploratory activity (LE) are, in rodents, a risk factor for passive stress coping, and to clarify the role of medium (ME) and high (HE) exploratory disposition in the sensitivity to SD.

Methods: We examined the effect of SD on male Wistar rats with LE, ME, and HE activity levels as measured in the exploration box. After SD, the rats were evaluated in social preference, elevated zero maze, and open-field tests. Brain tissue levels of monoamines were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Results: Rats submitted to SD exhibited lower weight gain, higher sucrose consumption, showed larger stress-induced hyperthermia, lower levels of homovanillic acid in the frontal cortex, and higher levels of noradrenaline in the amygdala and hippocampus. Open-field, elevated zero maze, and social preference tests revealed the interaction between stress and phenotype, as only LE-rats were further inhibited by SD. ME-rats exhibited the least reactivity to stress in terms of changes in body weight, stress-induced hyperthermia, and sucrose intake.

Conclusion: Both low and high novelty-related activity, especially the former, are associated with elevated sensitivity to social stress. This study shows that both tails of a behavioural dimension can produce stress-related vulnerability.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/neu.2015.64DOI Listing

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