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http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2015.4761DOI Listing

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Article Synopsis
  • Adolescent mothers often face trauma and violence during pregnancy, necessitating specialized care from healthcare professionals, particularly nurses and midwives in Rwanda's primary healthcare settings.
  • A qualitative study explored the experiences of 12 nurses and midwives, revealing themes such as the importance of relational practice, challenges in providing care, factors leading to workarounds, and the impact of vicarious trauma on healthcare providers.
  • The findings suggest that healthcare practitioners need to be adaptable and attentive in their care approach, while also highlighting the gaps in knowledge and training related to gender-based violence that hinder effective support for adolescent mothers.
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Effects of Age on the Auditory Cortex During Speech Perception in Noise: Evidence From Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy.

Ear Hear

April 2024

Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Objectives: Age-related speech perception difficulties may be related to a decline in central auditory processing abilities, particularly in noisy or challenging environments. However, how the activation patterns related to speech stimulation in different noise situations change with normal aging has yet to be elucidated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of noisy environments and aging on patterns of auditory cortical activation.

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Perseverative cognitions can provoke psychophysiological stress in the absence of an actual stressor and are considered important transdiagnostic vulnerability factors for several (mental) health issues. These stress-related cognitive processes are reflected by both cognitive (assessed by self-reports) and autonomic inflexibility (assessed by heart rate variability; HRV), with a key role attributed to the vagus nerve. Interestingly, modulation of the afferent branches of the vagus can be achieved with transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS), a non-invasive technique that employs a low-intensity electrical current applied to the ear.

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Objective: Analyze the clinical and genetic characteristics of a rare Chinese family with Multiple synostoses syndrome and identify the causative variant with the high-throughput sequencing approach.

Methods: The medical history investigation, physical examination, imaging examination, and audiological examination of the family members were performed. DNA samples were extracted from the family members.

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In the process of acquiring musical skills, such as playing the piano, we develop sensorimotor associations between motor movements and perception of pitch. Previous research suggests that these acquired associations are relatively inflexible and show limited generalizability to performance under novel conditions. The current study investigated whether piano training constrains the ability to generalize learning based on an unfamiliar (inverted) pitch mapping, using a transfer-of-training paradigm (Palmer and Meyer in Psychol Sci 11:63-68, 2000).

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