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Electrospinning is the process by which a scaffold containing micrometer and nanometer diameter fibers are drawn from a polymer solution or melt using a large voltage gradient between a polymer emitting source and a grounded collector. Ramakrishna and colleagues first investigated electrospun fibers for neural applications in 2004. After this initial study, electrospun fibers are increasingly investigated for neural tissue engineering applications. Electrospun fibers robustly support axonal regeneration within in vivo rodent models of spinal cord injury. These findings suggest the possibility of their eventual use within patients. Indeed, both spinal cord and peripheral nervous system regeneration research over the last several years shows that physical guidance cues induce recovery of limb, respiration, or bladder control in rodent models. Electrospun fibers may be an alternative to the peripheral nerve graft (PNG), because PNG autografts injure the patient and are limited in supply, and allografts risk host rejection. In addition, electrospun fibers can be engineered easily to confront new therapeutic challenges. Fibers can be modified to release therapies locally or can be physically modified to direct neural stem cell differentiation. This review summarizes the major findings and trends in the last decade of research, with a particular focus on spinal cord injury. This review also demonstrates how electrospun fibers can be used to study the central nervous system in vitro.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/neu.2015.4165 | DOI Listing |
Adv Healthc Mater
December 2024
Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
The advent of bionic skin sensors represents a significant leap forward in the realm of wearable health monitoring technologies. Existing bionic skin technologies face several limitations, including complex and expensive manufacturing processes, low wearing comfort, and challenges in achieving comfortable real-time health monitoring. These shortcomings hinder the widespread adoption and practical utility of bionic skin in various applications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomed Mater
December 2024
AGH University of Krakow, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, Kraków, Krakow, Małopolskie, 30-059, POLAND.
Scaffolds are of great interest in tissue engineering associated with regenerative medicine owing to their ability to mimic biological structures and provide a support for a new tissue formation. Several techniques are used to produce biological scaffolds; among them, far-field electrospinning (FFES) process is widely used due to its versatility in producing promising structures similar to native tissues owing to the electrospun nanofibers. On the other hand, near-field electrospinning (NFES) has been investigated due to the possibility of creating scaffolds with suitable architecture for its use in specific biological tissues.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Appl Mater Interfaces
December 2024
Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300093.
In recent years, the integration of multifunctional properties into electrospun fabrics has garnered significant attention for applications in wearable devices and smart textiles. A major challenge lies in achieving a balance among intermolecular interactions, structural stability, and responsiveness to external stimuli. In this study, we address this challenge by developing intrinsically healable and photoresponsive electrospun fabrics composed of poly(vinylidene fluoride--hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), and an azobenzene-based ionic liquid ([AzoCMIM][TFSI]).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMacromol Rapid Commun
December 2024
Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, Bologna, 40126, Italy.
Mechanofluorescent polymers represent a promising class of materials exhibiting fluorescence changes in response to mechanical stimuli. One approach to fabricating these polymers involves incorporating aggregachromic dyes, whose emission properties are governed by the intermolecular distance, which can, in turn, be readily altered by microstructural changes in the surrounding polymer matrix during mechanical deformation. In this study, a mechanofluorescent additive featuring excimer-forming oligo(p-phenylene vinylene) dyes (tOPV) is incorporated into electrospun polyurethane fibers, producing mats of fibers with diameters ranging from 300 to 700 nm.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Nano
December 2024
Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China.
Neutrophil membrane vesicles (NMVs) have been successfully applied to control the inflammatory cascade after spinal cord injury (SCI) by acting as an inflammatory factor decoy to front-load the overall inflammation regulatory window; however, the mechanisms by which NMVs regulate macrophage phenotypic shifts as well as their outcomes have rarely been reported. In this study, we demonstrated the "efferocytosis-like" effect of NMVs endocytosed by macrophages, supplementing the TCA cycle intermediate metabolite α-KG by promoting glutamine metabolism, which in turn facilitates oxidative phosphorylation and inhibits the NF-κB signaling pathway to reprogram inflammatory macrophages to the pro-regenerative phenotype. Based on these findings, a "Trojan horse" composite fiber scaffold was constructed; this comprised a carboxylated poly-l-lactic acid shell encapsulated with NMVs and a core loaded with brain-derived neurotrophic factor to spatiotemporally modulate the inflammatory microenvironment by 39.
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