By using inline monitoring, it is possible to optimize reactions performed using continuous-flow processing in a simple and rapid way. It is also possible to ensure consistent product quality over time using this technique. We here show how to interface a commercially available flow unit with a Raman spectrometer. The Raman flow cell is placed after the back-pressure regulator, meaning that it can be operated at atmospheric pressure. In addition, the fact that the product stream passes through a length of tubing before entering the flow cell means that the material is at RT. It is important that the spectra are acquired under isothermal conditions since Raman signal intensity is temperature dependent. Having assembled the apparatus, we then show how to monitor a chemical reaction, the piperidine-catalyzed synthesis of 3-acetylcoumarin from salicylaldehyde and ethyl acetoacetate being used as an example. The reaction can be performed over a range of flow rates and temperatures, the in-situ monitoring tool being used to optimize conditions simply and easily.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4692731 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3791/52393 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
3D nanocomposites of β-TCP-HBO-Cu with improved mechanical and biological performances for bone regeneration applications.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Advanced Glass and Glass Ceramic Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India.
Recently, 3-D porous architecture of the composites play a key role in cell proliferation, bone regeneration, and anticancer activities. The osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties of β-TCP allow for the complete repair of numerous bone defects. Herein, β-TCP was synthesized by wet chemical precipitation route, and their 3-D porous composites with HBO and Cu nanoparticles were prepared by the solid-state reaction method with improved mechanical and biological performances.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTotal population for a resource-limited single consumer model.
J Math Biol
January 2025
Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
In the past several decades, much attention has been focused on the effects of dispersal on total populations of species. In Zhang (EL 20:1118-1128, 2017), a rigorous biological experiment was performed to confirm the mathematical conclusion: Dispersal tends to enhance populations under a suitable hypothesis. In addition, mathematical models keeping track of resource dynamics in population growth were also proposed in Zhang (EL 20:1118-1128, 2017) to understand this remarkable phenomenon.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuman response times are governed by dual anticipatory processes with distinct neural signatures.
Commun Biol
January 2025
Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Human behavior is strongly influenced by anticipation, but the underlying neural mechanisms are poorly understood. We obtained intracranial electrocephalography (iEEG) measurements in neurosurgical patients as they performed a simple sensory-motor task with variable (short or long) foreperiod delays that affected anticipation of the cue to respond. Participants showed two forms of anticipatory response biases, distinguished by more premature false alarms (FAs) or faster response times (RTs) on long-delay trials.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAtmospheric air plasma pre-activation and customizable covalent functionalization of PVDF-membranes of microtiter filter plates.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Endre U. 9, 1092, Budapest, Hungary.
Microtiter-plate-based systems are unified platforms of high-throughput experimentation (HTE). These polymeric devices are used worldwide on a daily basis-mainly in the pharmaceutical industry-for parallel syntheses, reaction optimization, various preclinical studies and high-throughput screening methods. Accordingly, laboratory automation today aims to handle these commercially available multiwell plates, making developments focused on their modifications a priority area of modern applied research.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFKinetics of recovery and normalization of running biomechanics following aerobic-based exercise-induced muscle damage in recreational male runners.
J Sci Med Sport
January 2025
Department of Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Sylvan Adams Sports Institute, Tel-Aviv University, Israel. Electronic address:
Objectives: The study aimed to examine the effects of exercise-induced muscle damage on running kinetics.
Design: Twenty-six adult recreational male runners performed 60 min of downhill running (-10 %) at 65 % of maximal heart rate. Running gait changes, systemic and localized muscle damage markers were assessed pre - and post-exercise induced muscle damage protocol.
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!