The authors examine the nursing practice of disposing unaltered controlled substances into public water systems as an issue for nurses concerned with the environmental harm it can cause. A summary of the history of controlled substance management reveals inconsistencies in the interpretation of current regulations that have led to disposal policies that vary by institution, according to a benchmarking survey of regional hospitals. Much attention has been given to the phenomenon of conscientious objection in the context of patient care that conflicts with a nurse's moral integrity. Nurses who are compelled to dispose narcotics down drains may also face this struggle. The authors submit that this disposal method is based on a type of double effect logic where preventing diversion is viewed as a good effect of flushing unused controlled substances that outweighs any harm it may cause, though there is little evidence to support this conclusion. Consequently, the topic deserves further study so that nurse managers and administrators can support and offer alternatives to nurses who object to flushing drugs down the drain.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733015614882 | DOI Listing |
J Craniofac Surg
October 2024
Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.
Perioperative pain control in open cranial vault reconstruction (CVR) poses significant challenges. Narcotic use may confound signs of neurological deterioration and cause medication-induced complications. Previous studies have shown improved health outcomes in CVR with reduced narcotic use.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Funct Biomater
December 2024
Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
CY1-4, 9-nitropyridine [2',3':4,5] pyrimido [1,2-α] indole -5,11- dione, is an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor and a poorly water-soluble substance. It is very important to increase the solubility of CY1-4 to improve its bioavailability and therapeutic effect. In this study, the mesoporous silica nano-skeleton carrier material Sylysia was selected as the carrier to load CY1-4, and then the CY1-4 nano-skeleton drug delivery system (MSNM@CY1-4) was prepared by coating the hydrophilic polymer material Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and the lipid material Distearoylphosphatidyl-ethanolamine-poly(ethylene glycol) (DSPE-PEG) to improve the anti-tumor effect of CY1-4.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Clin Dermatol
December 2024
Department of Dermatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an inflammatory skin disorder presenting with painful and draining nodules in intertriginous areas that may progress to sinus tracts. There is an increased prevalence of obesity in HS, and obesity may predispose patients to HS. Weight loss has been associated with improvement of HS symptoms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Clin Med
November 2024
Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness around the world. Black individuals are two times more likely to be diagnosed with glaucoma compared to White individuals. In 2019, the prevalence of glaucoma in Monroe County was highest amongst older individuals aged 85 and non-Hispanic Blacks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Cancer
December 2024
Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
Blockade of immune checkpoints PD-1 and TIGIT has demonstrated activity in mouse tumor models and human patients with cancer. Although these coinhibitory receptors can restrict signaling in CD8 T cells by regulating their associated co-stimulatory receptors CD28 and CD226, the functional consequences of combining PD-1 and TIGIT blockade remain poorly characterized. In mouse tumor models, we show that combination blockade elicited CD226-driven clonal expansion of tumor antigen-specific CD8 T cells.
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