Alignment of normal, arthritic, and replaced human knees is a much debated subject as is the collateral ligamentous laxity. Traditional quantitative values have been challenged. Methods used to measure these are also not without flaws. Authors review the recent literature and a novel method of measurement of these values has been included. This method includes use of computer navigation technique in clinic setting for assessment of the normal or affected knee before the surgery. Computer navigation has been known for achievement of alignment accuracy during knee surgery. Now its use in clinic setting has added to the inventory of measurement methods. Authors dispel the common myth of straight mechanical axis in normal knees and also look at quantification of amount of collateral knee laxity. Based on the scientific studies, it has been shown that the mean alignment is in varus in normal knees. It changes from lying non-weight-bearing position to standing weight-bearing position in both coronal and the sagittal planes. It also varies with gender and race. The collateral laxity is also different for males and females. Further studies are needed to define the ideal alignment and collateral laxity which the surgeon should aim for individual knees.
Department of Traumatology and Orthopedic Surgery, Clínico San Carlos Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Surgery Department, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.
Introduction: Achieving stability in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is crucial for long-term implant survival. In cases of severe deformity or ligament laxity, constrained implants may be required. Traditionally, increasing constraint involved intramedullary stems.
Collaterals improve recanalization in acute ischemic stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. To investigate it, an in vitro flow model of the middle cerebral artery was developed with or without collaterals. An occlusion was achieved using human blood clots.
Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the development of a total elbow replacement (TER) technique in swine and report the outcome of TER in a Kunekune sow (61 kg) with severe elbow osteoarthritis.
Methods: The technique was developed by operating on three pig cadavers (Yorkshire 40-50 kg). The TATE Elbow implant fit was confirmed with modeling to the patient's computed tomography imaging.
Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.
The current study compared the reliability of manual collateral sulcus depth and entorhinal and transentorhinal cortical volume measurements between native oriented MRI scans versus MRI scans realigned to the hippocampal long axis. Data included 10 participants with two serial 3.0T MRI scans from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative.
The study aims to assess how members of the ACL study group are incorporating lateral extra-articular procedures (LEAPs) in ACL reconstruction surgeries over recent years.
A survey shared during biennial meetings from 2016 to 2023 revealed an increase in the use of LEAP techniques, with surgeons preferring methods involving iliotibial band (ITB) autograft.
The findings indicate that LEAPs, particularly the modified Lemaire technique, are gaining popularity among surgeons, correlating with clinical evidence that suggests better outcomes when these procedures are used alongside traditional ACL reconstruction.
