AI Article Synopsis
- TYK2 is part of the JAK family, crucial for cytokine signaling and playing a key role in immunity and inflammation.
- Analysis shows that TYK2 loss-of-function is linked to higher susceptibility to infections and autoimmune diseases, with findings in humans resembling those in mice.
- Recent studies indicate TYK2 has oncogenic potential due to activating mutations in leukemia cases, while also exploring its unique role in tumor rejection despite being kinase-inactive.
Article Abstract
Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) is a member of the Janus kinase (JAK) family, which transduces cytokine and growth factor signalling. Analysis of TYK2 loss-of-function revealed its important role in immunity to infection, (auto-) immunity and (auto-) inflammation. TYK2-deficient patients unravelled high similarity between mice and men with respect to cellular signalling functions and basic immunology. Genome-wide association studies link TYK2 to several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases as well as carcinogenesis. Due to its cytokine signalling functions TYK2 was found to be essential in tumour surveillance. Lately TYK2 activating mutants and fusion proteins were detected in patients diagnosed with leukaemic diseases suggesting that TYK2 is a potent oncogene. Here we review the cell intrinsic and extrinsic functions of TYK2 in the characteristics preventing and enabling carcinogenesis. In addition we describe an unexpected function of kinase-inactive TYK2 in tumour rejection.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2015.10.015 | DOI Listing |
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