The Outcomes of Ultralow Anterior Resection or an Abdominoperineal Pull-Through Resection and Coloanal Anastomosis for Radiation-Induced Recto-Vaginal Fistula Patients.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of patients who underwent colorectal resections and coloanal anastomosis for radiation-induced recto-vaginal fistulas (RVFs). The effect of the surgical treatment technique on bowel function, fecal continence, and quality of life of patients was also evaluated.

Methods: Twenty-one female patients, who received adjuvant chemotherapy and external beam pelvic radiation for cervix carcinoma after radical hysterectomy + pelvic/paraaortic lymph node dissection, having RVF but without tumor recurrence, were included. All patients underwent an ultralow anterior resection (n = 11) or an abdominoperineal pull-through resection and straight coloanal anastomosis (n = 10). A bowel functions questionnaire and a Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life (FIQLI) questionnaire were applied to patients pre-operatively and also 6 months after the ileostomy closure procedures.

Results: No recurrent RVF was observed in a mean follow-up period of 20 months after ostomy reversal procedures. The FIQLI depression, lifestyle, and embarrassment scores were significantly improved on the follow-up questionnaire. The mean pre- and post-operative incontinence scores were not significantly different.

Conclusions: The spontaneous closure rate after a simple diverting stoma is quite low and local repair procedures usually result in failure. In selected patients, performing a nearly total rectum resection and maintaining the intestinal continuity with a coloanal anastomosis may be accepted as a safe and curative option. Recurrence-free outcome and the improvement of the quality of life of the patients represent the efficiency of this treatment modality.