Synapsins were the first presynaptic proteins identified and have served as the flagship of the presynaptic protein field. Here we review recent studies demonstrating that different members of the synapsin family play different roles at presynaptic terminals employing different types of synaptic vesicles. The structural underpinnings for these functions are just beginning to be understood and should provide a focus for future efforts.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.14348/molcells.2015.0233 | DOI Listing |
J Neurochem
January 2025
Division of Physiology, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Microbiology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems, Austria.
αδ proteins serve as auxiliary subunits of voltage-gated calcium channels and regulate channel membrane expression and current properties. Besides their channel function, αδ proteins regulate synapse formation, differentiation, and synaptic wiring. Considering these important functions, it is not surprising that CACNA2D1-4, the genes encoding for αδ-1 to -4 isoforms, have been implicated in neurological, neurodevelopmental, and neuropsychiatric disorders.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuropharmacology
November 2024
Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Electronic address:
Aging is characterized by a functional decline in several physiological systems. α-Klotho-hypomorphic mice (Kl) exhibit accelerated aging and cognitive decline. We evaluated whether male and female α-Klotho-hypomorphic mice show changes in the expression of synaptic proteins, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) subunits, postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95), synaptophysin and synapsin, and the activity of Na, K-ATPase (NaK) isoforms in the cerebellum and hippocampus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neurophysiol
September 2024
College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) through reprogramming was a transformational change in the field of regenerative medicine that led to new possibilities for drug discovery and cell replacement therapy. Several protocols have been established to differentiate hiPSCs into neuronal lineages. However, low differentiation efficiency is one of the major drawbacks of these approaches.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFeNeuro
July 2024
Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
Synapsins are highly abundant presynaptic proteins that play a crucial role in neurotransmission and plasticity via the clustering of synaptic vesicles. The synapsin III isoform is usually downregulated after development, but in hippocampal mossy fiber boutons, it persists in adulthood. Mossy fiber boutons express presynaptic forms of short- and long-term plasticity, which are thought to underlie different forms of learning.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Psychiatry
November 2021
Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 265 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Cannabis and cannabinoid drugs are central agents that are used widely recreationally and are employed broadly for treating psychiatric conditions. Cannabinoids primarily act by stimulating presynaptic CB1 receptors (CB1Rs), the most abundant G-protein-coupled receptors in brain. CB1R activation decreases neurotransmitter release by inhibiting presynaptic Ca channels and induces long-term plasticity by decreasing cellular cAMP levels.
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