AI Article Synopsis
- The study investigates how ALA10, an ATPase, helps manage galactoglycerolipid levels in Arabidopsis leaves by interacting with different proteins, influencing lipid localization and composition.
- ALA10's interactions with ALIS1 and ALIS5 determine the localization of proteins in the cell, affecting the balance between lipid synthesis and how plants cope with low MGDG levels.
- Enhanced expression of ALA10 not only promotes leaf growth but also improves the balance between MGDG and phosphatidylcholine, especially under stress conditions like low temperatures or when inhibited by certain chemicals.
Article Abstract
The biogenesis of photosynthetic membranes relies on galactoglycerolipids, which are synthesized via pathways that are dispatched over several cell compartments. This membrane biogenesis requires both trafficking of lipid intermediates and a tight homeostatic regulation. In this work, we address the role of ALA10 (for aminophospholipid ATPase), a P4-type ATPase, in a process counteracting the monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) shortage in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves. ALA10 can interact with protein partners, ALIS1 (for ALA-interacting subunit1) or ALIS5, leading to differential endomembrane localizations of the interacting proteins, close to the plasma membrane with ALIS1 or to chloroplasts with ALIS5. ALA10 interacts also with FATTY ACID DESATURASE2 (FAD2), and modification of ALA10 expression affects phosphatidylcholine (PC) fatty acyl desaturation by disturbing the balance between FAD2 and FAD3 activities. Modulation of ALA10 expression downstream impacts the fatty acyl composition of chloroplast PC. ALA10 expression also enhances leaf growth and improves the MGDG-PC ratio, possibly through MGDG SYNTHASE1 (MGD1) activation by phosphatidic acid. The positive effect of ALA10 on leaf development is significant in conditions such as upon treatment of plants with Galvestine-1, an inhibitor of MGDG synthases, or when plants are grown at chilling temperature.
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| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4775126 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.15.01557 | DOI Listing |
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Article Synopsis
- The study investigates how ALA10, an ATPase, helps manage galactoglycerolipid levels in Arabidopsis leaves by interacting with different proteins, influencing lipid localization and composition.
- ALA10's interactions with ALIS1 and ALIS5 determine the localization of proteins in the cell, affecting the balance between lipid synthesis and how plants cope with low MGDG levels.
- Enhanced expression of ALA10 not only promotes leaf growth but also improves the balance between MGDG and phosphatidylcholine, especially under stress conditions like low temperatures or when inhibited by certain chemicals.
A phospholipid uptake system in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana.
Nat Commun
July 2015
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPKIN, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
Plants use solar energy to produce lipids directly from inorganic elements and are not thought to require molecular systems for lipid uptake from the environment. Here we show that Arabidopsis thaliana Aminophospholipid ATPase10 (ALA10) is a P4-type ATPase flippase that internalizes exogenous phospholipids across the plasma membrane, after which they are rapidly metabolized. ALA10 expression and phospholipid uptake are high in the epidermal cells of the root tip and in guard cells, the latter of which regulate the size of stomatal apertures to modulate gas exchange.
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