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ROS production and gene expression in alveolar macrophages exposed to PM(2.5) from Baghdad, Iraq: Seasonal trends and impact of chemical composition. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • - The study focused on how changes in the composition of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) affect oxidative stress in alveolar macrophages, using 53 PM2.5 samples collected over a year in Baghdad, Iraq.
  • - Monthly PM composites were analyzed for chemical composition and biological effects, revealing that 12 genes related to oxidative stress were expressed differently with high ROS activity linked to specific PM characteristics, especially during January and April.
  • - The research found correlations between ROS production and factors like PM mass and redox-active metals, suggesting these elements might play a role in oxidative stress, indicating that more extensive sampling could enhance understanding of PM toxicity.

Article Abstract

The objective of this study was to assess the impact of changes in atmospheric particulate matter (PM) composition on oxidative stress markers in an in-vitro alveolar macrophage (AM) model. Fifty-three PM2.5 samples were collected during a year-long PM sampling campaign in Baghdad, Iraq, a semi-arid region of the country. Monthly composites were analyzed for chemical composition and for biological activity using in-vitro measurements of ROS production and gene expression in the AM model. Twelve genes that were differentially expressed upon PM exposure were identified and their co-associations with the composition of PM2.5 were examined. Ten of those genes were up-regulated in January and April composites; samples which also exhibited high ROS activity and relatively high PM mass concentration. ROS production was statistically correlated with total PM2.5 mass, levoglucosan (a wood burning tracer) and several trace elements of the PM (especially V and Ni, which are associated with oil combustion). The expression of several cytokine genes was found to be moderately associated with PM mass, crustal materials (indication of dusty days or dust storms) and certain metals (e.g. V, Fe and Ni) in the PM. Thus, the ROS activity association with PM2.5, may, in part, be driven by redox-active metals. The antioxidant response genes (Nqo1 and Hmox1) were moderately associated with polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and showed a good correlation (r-Pearson of >0.7) with metals linked to vehicle-related emissions (i.e. Cu, Zn and Sb). Examining these associations in a larger sample pool (e.g. daily samples) would improve the power of the analysis and may strengthen the implication of these chemicals in the oxidative stress of biological systems, which could aid in the development of new metrics of PM toxicity.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.065DOI Listing

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