The effect of postoperative metronidazole prophylaxis was investigated on infection morbidity in childbed. 376 women who have been delivered by caesarean section in the time of three years were divided into the metronidazole group (172) and the control (204) by random selection. In the metronidazole group (n = 36; 21.0%) significantly less cases of febrile course of puerperium were observed than in the control (n = 85; 41.7%). Patients with secondary sections revealed a significant reduction of infection morbidity. The consequences of the risk factors "increased duration (greater than 8 h) of the rupture of the membranes" and "a more than 8 h duration of labor" could be diminished. A metronidazole prophylaxis is recommended in all cases of secondary sections beginning immediately after cutting the umbilical cord.
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