Infinite swapping (INS) is a recently developed method to address the rare event sampling problem. For INS, an expanded computational ensemble composed of a number of replicas at different temperatures is used, similar to the widely used parallel tempering (PT) method. While the basic concept of PT is to sample various replicas of the system at different temperatures and exchange information between the replicas occasionally, INS uses the symmetrized distribution of configurations in temperature space, which corresponds to the infinite swapping limit of PT. The effect of this symmetrization and the enhanced information exchange between replicas is evaluated for three different biological systems representing different sampling problems in biology: (1) blocked alanine dipeptide, which is a small system and therefore optimal to evaluate sampling efficiency quantitatively, (2) Villin headpiece, which is used as a test case for the protein folding process, and (3) neuroglobin, which is used to evaluate the effects of enhanced information exchange between replicas for sampling the substate space of a folded protein. For these three test systems, PINS is compared to PT, and it is found that in all cases the sampling with PINS is substantially more efficient.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ct400355g | DOI Listing |
J Chem Phys
November 2024
Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
Sci Rep
April 2024
School of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
In recent years, extensive research has focused on encryption algorithms for square images, with relatively little attention given to nonsquare images. This paper introduces a novel encryption algorithm tailored for nonequal length images, integrating bit-plane chaotic mapping and Arnold transformation. To effectively implement the algorithm, the plain image is initially transformed into two equal-sized binary sequences.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Natl Acad Sci U S A
February 2024
Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim N-7491, Norway.
Capturing rare yet pivotal events poses a significant challenge for molecular simulations. Path sampling provides a unique approach to tackle this issue without altering the potential energy landscape or dynamics, enabling recovery of both thermodynamic and kinetic information. However, despite its exponential acceleration compared to standard molecular dynamics, generating numerous trajectories can still require a long time.
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Department of R&D, Bond Marine Consultancy, London EC1V 2NX, UK.
Social networks have greatly expanded in the last ten years the need for sharing multimedia data. However, on open networks such as the Internet, where security is frequently compromised, it is simple for eavesdroppers to approach the actual contents without much difficulty. Researchers have created a variety of encryption methods to strengthen the security of this transmission and make it difficult for eavesdroppers to get genuine data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUltrasonics
January 2021
Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, I2M Bordeaux, UMR 5295, F-33405 Talence, France.
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