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Is Anti-Müllerian Hormone Useful for Monorchidism Diagnosis in the Tomcat?

Top Companion Anim Med

December 2024

Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.

Monorchidism is an uncommon condition in tomcats, defined by the congenital absence of one of the testicles. Due to the lack of information regarding possible biomarkers, most monorchidism cases require laparotomy in order to differentiate it from cryptorchidism. Human data suggest that monorchid patients have lower serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels when compared to cryptorchids, premises that has been also scrutinized in veterinary medicine.

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Mature cystic teratoma (MCT) is the most common germ cell tumor of the ovary, comprising 20% of all ovarian neoplasms. Malignant transformation (MT) is an uncommon complication and occurs in approximately 1-3% of all MCTs. The most common histological type of MT is squamous cell carcinoma.

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Horner's syndrome arises from a disruption in the sympathetic nervous system. Although it is an uncommon complication of labor epidural analgesia, its occurrence is significantly more frequent among pregnant women. The incidence of Horner's syndrome after epidural analgesia for labor is 0.

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Adipose dystrophy, also known as lipodystrophy, is a heterogeneous disease characterized by the complete or partial loss of adipose tissue. In some cases, patients with lipodystrophy may exhibit fat accumulation in other areas of the body, as well as metabolic abnormalities such as insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, liver disease, and increased metabolic rate. The condition may also be associated with gene mutations, including those in acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 2 (AGPAT2), Berardinelli-Seip Congenital Lipodystrophy 2 (BSCL2), caveolin-1 (CAV1), polymerase I and transcript release factor (PTRF), lamins A (LMNA), zinc metalloproteinase (ZMPSTE24), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), v-AKT murine thymoma oncogene homolog 2 (AKT2), perilipin 1 (PLIN1), and proteasome subunit, β-type, 8 (PSMB8).

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